Boring machines are called machines used for processing large-sized workpieces in mass and small-scale production using different tools. Equipment of this type may vary primarily in design and scope. In addition to the usual ones, there are also CNC models that work according to pre-compiled programs.
Boring machines: purpose and scope
Such equipment can be used to perform operations such as:
- threading, internal and external;
- drilling holes deaf and through;
- countersinking;
- trimming the ends of the workpieces;
- face and cylindrical milling, etc.
Most often, this equipment is used for finishing or semi-finishing. However, it happens that with its use they also produce fair ones. The part body on such machines is rarely processed, but sometimes this operation is still performed. Repair of the boring machine is carried out approximately according to the same technology as the lathe. The same applies to the features of operation. The design of these two types of machines are similar. Like many other special varieties of equipment designed for processing metal and wooden workpieces, the boring machine was once designed on the basis of a lathe.
Types of boring machines by design
The enterprises can use three main types of such equipment:
- horizontal boring machines;
- coordinate boring;
- diamond boring.
The first two varieties of machine tools were most widely used. The spindle is responsible for moving the tool in all types of such equipment. When processing workpieces, tools such as drills, reamers, and countersinks can be used. Sometimes a milling cutter is also used.
Horizontal boring models
The main design feature of this type of machine is that the spindle is horizontal and can be extended. This allows you to make holes even in the most inaccessible places, including in dimensional details (arrows, frames, metal structures).
The main movement of horizontal boring models is rotational-translational. It is carried out by a spindle. Not only the tool itself, but also the workpiece moves in such machines. If necessary, during operation, you can switch feeds and speeds. The filing in some cases is carried out by means of a special substrate.
Depending on the configuration, in addition to the main movements, such machines can have auxiliary:
- headstock on a vertical axis;
- table at given coordinates.
Also, the design of some models provides the ability to move the lunette and the rear rack. Below is a diagram of a boring machine of this type. Horizontal models can be used for machining parts made of cast iron or cast steel.
Layout Views
A boring machine is usually used for machining complex configuration parts with many holes, grooves and ledges. By layout, this equipment is classified into:
- Models with spindle diameters up to 125 mm. Using such equipment, usually small workpieces are processed. The table for such models can move along two axes. The boring head is able to move along the column in the vertical direction.
- Equipment with a spindle diameter of 100-200 mm.Such a boring machine is designed to work with medium-sized and large workpieces. For such machines, the table moves in only one direction.
- Models with a spindle of 125-320 mm. This equipment is used to handle very large parts. At these machines the table is motionless.
Features of coordinate-boring models
Machines of this variety are used for drilling holes according to precisely specified parameters. This operation can be performed on different workpieces (conductor plates, body parts, etc.). High precision machining is provided by the presence in the design of coordinate-boring models of special devices: mechanical, optical and electronic. In addition, these models are equipped with rotary tables. This allows you to make holes in the polar coordinate systems without the need for displacement of the part. The enterprises can use double-column or single-column coordinate boring machines. The dimensions of models of this type, unlike horizontal ones, are not too large.
Diamond boring machines
Models of this group are mainly intended for thin boring of cylindrical surfaces. If additional components are available, they can also process shaped and conical surfaces of revolution, grooves and ends. When using such machines, it is allowed to drill simultaneously several holes with parallel axes. Diamond boring machines can be:
- vertical
- inclined;
- combined;
- horizontal with a movable table.
Cost
Boring machines in many cases are special equipment. Therefore, they are mostly very expensive. There are models, the price of which can be millions of rubles. Some machines are cheaper - several hundred thousand. Depends on the price of equipment of this type, like any other, primarily on its technical characteristics. Today on the market there are also used machines of this type. They are, of course, cheaper than new ones.
Boring machines: domestic and foreign models
In the domestic market, boring machines are represented quite widely. There are many brands of this equipment. An example is:
- TOS Varnsdorf manufactured machines of the WH, WHN, WRD series.
- US Climax mobile models.
Soviet models of this group are still very popular on the market. For example, if desired, you can purchase horizontal-boring 2A614, 2A622, 2A635 or coordinate-boring 2421, 2E440, 2E450, etc.
Key Specifications
When buying a boring machine, usually pay attention to the following parameters:
- spindle diameter;
- maximum permissible dimensions and weight of workpieces;
- desktop size;
- maximum possible axial movement;
- number of speeds;
- feed range;
- engine power.
Very important is also such a characteristic of the boring machine as engine power.
CNC boring machines
Models of this variety in comparison with the usual have a lot of advantages. Their work is controlled by a computer with a program embedded in it. This allows for high precision machining and maximum productivity. The program is written in special codes specified in the description of the machine. This modern equipment can be used both for roughing and for finishing parts.
Boring machines - the equipment is really in demand and in many cases indispensable. Especially when you need jewelry accuracy or maximum performance. If the company has a need for this type of equipment, it will not be difficult to find a suitable model in the modern domestic market.
