Remember how the entrepreneurial boom began in the 1990s? At least 80% of all people who then decided to start their own business began to open stalls and grocery stores. Their calculation was as simple as possible: people always want to eat, and therefore their income will be constant.
Whatever the case ... Not only hellish loans with incredible rates, but also fierce competition in this segment failed these pioneers of the wild capitalist market.
At every public transport stop, there used to be several food outlets, and the purchasing power of the population in those days left much to be desired.
In addition, woeful businessmen forgot one simple circumstance. Resale and the desire to make "money from the air" - this is not the best strategy for your own business. A much more successful investment of your time and money is production. Real products not only attract those who wish to invest in the enterprise, but also provide confidence in the future.
Today we will consider the production of cutlets. Large investments are not required, but there are quite strict requirements for raw materials. In addition, you will have to establish good relations with the local sanitary and epidemiological station, since the success of the entire enterprise depends on its loyal attitude to you.
Why exactly semi-finished products?
The fact is that due to changing living conditions and an increase in the wealth of most citizens in large cities, there is a more pronounced tendency when people want to eat delicious food after a hard day, but there is no time or desire to go to the cafe.
That is why all major retail dealers report that from year to year the proportion of semi-finished products suitable for fast cooking of high-quality and tasty food is inevitably growing. Accordingly, the incomes of owners of those enterprises that are oriented in time on the changing market are also increasing.
If you think well over the organizational structure and solve problems with raw materials, the production of cutlets can become profitable only five to six months after opening, which is simply unrealistic in many other industries.
What is the reason for choosing cutlets?
By the way, why exactly this dish? After all, until recently it was believed that the most popular and beloved by all segments of the population semi-finished product was dumplings. Yes, that was a couple of years ago.
But the drop in demand was “helped” by the producers themselves, who actively “saved” on their own consumers, using increasingly cheaper components, without forgetting about the same soybeans. It was not by chance that we took the word “saved” in quotation marks, since no normal manufacturer would do that. The price of money saved on the production of money in this case is the rejection of your products.
In addition, for the production of the same dumplings, kneading machines and other equipment are required that are completely unnecessary for the production of meatballs. In their production, only homogeneous high-quality minced meat, molding and packaging is important. The production line is simpler, equipment costs less. Of course, the production of "Kiev" cutlets will cost more. But here it should be borne in mind that this product is quite specific, and therefore its cost is much higher.
The reverse side of the issue
Unfortunately, the production of cutlets is not at all a kind of “eldorado” for entrepreneurs, as is customary to say. To begin with, anything can be put in dumplings (nothing can be seen in the test), and such “businessmen” begin to think about consumers only after a couple of vessels.
Cutlets are more difficult, since in most cases open packaging wrapped in foil is used, and the buyer can immediately appreciate the visual appeal of the product. If your dumplings are made from bad stuffing or blurred and stuck together during cooking, then hoping for good demand is simply silly. It is necessary to carefully approach the quality control of products, making them from the highest quality raw materials.
How about competition?
Many are in no hurry to open the production of cutlets, fearing fierce competition from other players. To some extent, their fears have a very real foundation, but not everything is so terrible.
First of all, you need to understand that the number of "economists" that we talked about above is large. But this does not mean that they all remain on the market and have serious positions. It is precisely their existence that will play into your hands: by offering delicious cutlets with consistently high quality to your consumers, you can easily create a positive reputation for yourself by making your trademark as recognizable in the market as possible.
Experts say that the food market is unique in that the competition in it resembles a soap bubble. Manufacturers who monitor quality and do not save on raw materials do not have sales problems. Of course, this statement becomes true only in those cases when you follow a reasonable pricing and marketing policy, not trying to sell bison cutlets in the province.
Necessary equipment, stuffing and technology
If you ever made cutlets at home, then you know about the rather low complexity of this process. Why are we saying this? The thing is that the machine for the production of cutlets in an industrial environment works on the same principle.
The main adaptation is an industrial meat grinder, where meat will be processed into minced meat. Given that companies around the world are engaged in their production today, the price range will be very wide.
But if we talk only about the industrial sector, then the cost of equipment depends not only on the manufacturer and brand, but also on the performance of the equipment: a model that produces about 800 kg of minced meat in one hour will cost you about 200 thousand rubles. The same equipment for the production of minced meat, which can grind up to 1.5 tons of meat per hour, costs about one and a half million.
Household models?
Some may have a fairly fair question: “Why do I need an industrial meat grinder for the money, when you can buy a household model with the same performance in the store?” Alas, it is not so simple here. The number that cunning marketers show you means their potential productivity.
Try to skip at least 300 kg of meat through a home meat grinder without a break. How long will she work? We don’t think. And industrial models are precisely characterized by the possibility of long and continuous operation, which ensures uninterrupted production of cutlets.
Some information about production technology
Of course, manufacturers use not only meat in its pure form. And the point here is not “saving”, but the recipe: have you seen a lot of homemade meatballs made from meat alone? Then this is Schnitzel, which is not directly related to our topic. Yes, there are cutlets with a minimum content of additives like potatoes or cabbage, but their cost is such that ordinary citizens would prefer to buy meat.
We can’t do without additives, salt and spices. This indicates that you will have to buy a mixer for stuffing. Without this equipment, the optimal consistency cannot be obtained.
Stirrers
Most often, machines with a hopper volume of 30-150 kg are used. Their cost varies between 150-400 thousand rubles. Accordingly, the most important indicator is the volume of the hopper, which indicates the amount of minced meat for one-time processing and mixing. Important! According to its performance, the mixer should correspond to the level of the cutlet machine.
Cutlet Machine
Finally, we consider cutlet machines in which the final molding of the finished product takes place.
Oddly enough, but the power of these machines does not depend on the number of cutlets produced, but on the volume of the receiving hopper. It should be remembered that the approximate cost of equipment that can cover the needs of a medium-sized enterprise is about 300-600 thousand rubles.
Suppose you are using a 30 kg minced meat mixer. In this case, you will receive at least 2100 cutlets per hour. The profitability of the entire line depends on the performance of the mixer and the machine.
Additional options
The most expensive models can be delivered with an integrated cooling system for finished products. Note that for long-term storage of cutlets, the temperature that it provides is not enough. They only cool, providing excellent palatability.
Other equipment includes packaging, labeling, and more. Considering that many entrepreneurs prefer to simply hire several employees who will be engaged in packaging, some equipment can be saved. In this case, the acquisition of appropriate lines is not mandatory in conditions of small and medium production.
Personnel and costs
Thus, the minimum cost of the most necessary equipment for the production of cutlets is about 600 thousand rubles. This is a very affordable cost, since other enterprises will require much higher costs from you.
As for the staff, among the workers there must be a technologist with a good education and experience. The remaining employees can be hired without taking into account their experience, since training takes literally a couple of hours. Note that for loading and unloading of raw materials and finished products, it is desirable to have separate auxiliary workers.
Profit and Cost
We must say right away: all our calculations are very, very approximate, since the cost of meat varies greatly from region to region.
Given that in normal producers you are unlikely to find pork cheaper than 140 rubles / kg, and beef still costs about 180 rubles / kg, plus a mixing percentage of 1: 3, and as a result, a kilogram of minced meat will be about 170 rubles / kg.
Since the finished product contains about 75% of meat, and the remaining 25% falls on breading, fat, potatoes and spices, the cost of a kilogram of cutlets will be 140-150 rubles. The selling price for quality cutlets without soy and chicken is now no lower than 230-240 rubles / kg. In short, your line on semi-finished products pays off quickly.
Of course, you should not dream of 100 rubles of net profit per kilogram. It should be borne in mind that you will need to buy disinfectants and detergents, work clothes and shoes for employees, purchase packaging materials and pay for fuel for your logistics, even if it is one small machine. The most important cost item is the remuneration of staff, which is definitely not worth saving on.
SP or LLC?
Until now, we have overlooked such an important detail as the legal form of ownership of your business. There are two main types: IP and LLC. Which of them to choose? Let's take a quick look at this question.
Let's start with LLC. The advantages of this form of ownership is a kind of "solidity". If you plan to work with large suppliers, go to the regional and interregional levels, then in any case you will have to register an LLC.
And one more important circumstance.When organizing an LLC, you will need to indicate its authorized capital. Considering that even with millions of revolutions, its size can be only 10 thousand rubles, this is not a big problem. Another thing is important - in case of failure and collapse of the business, you will be responsible precisely with this authorized capital.
In general, this is where all the advantages of this form of ownership (for a novice businessman) end. The fact is that the design of an LLC is really difficult. But the most unpleasant thing is that you have to keep accounting records “to the fullest extent”; no simplified schemes are used here.
And what about IP? The only, but very serious drawback of individual entrepreneurship is responsibility. Responsibility is full. If your business is not successful, then the creditors will have to pay with their property.
But you can pay taxes according to a simplified scheme, and the time for issuing an IP is simply negligible when compared with LLC. In addition, the total paperwork is much less.
Yes, and after paying taxes, all net profit is yours, while the head of the LLC should officially receive wages by paying taxes from it and from the total profit.
For beginners, it is better to choose the IP.
SES requirements
Oddly enough, but they are quite democratic. The main problem is choosing the right room. It must have showers, comfortable toilets, sinks for washing hands. All employees should regularly undergo medical examinations intended for workers in the food industry and have medical books.
Be sure to connect to all utilities. Particularly stringent, this requirement must be met with respect to the water supply and sewage system. The workshop should be separated from at least 50 meters from the nearest residential buildings. Be sure to notify Rospotrebnadzor immediately after you begin to engage in the production of food products.
Minimum workshop area - 100 m2. In addition, in recent years, a separate room for staff to relax.
For each batch of products and raw materials, there must be a sanitary and epidemiological report and veterinary accompanying documents.
