The transportation of goods is an integral stage in the processes of world trade. In Russia, the control of commercial consignments is carried out by customs, whose employees are guided by regulatory acts. The owner of the cargo or its representative must fully and reliably provide all the information about the product. This is the main rule, the violation of which entails administrative punishment. At the same time, so that customs clearance of goods does not cause other problems, you should familiarize yourself with the procedures and legal standards that regulate control in this area.
The list of customs procedures
Although customs clearance appears in the eyes of the layman as a single set of control operations, in fact there are several modes of admission of consignments. The choice of procedure by which the cargo will be verified is made by its owner. He also has the right to change the procedure. Today, customs clearance of goods can be carried out according to the following procedures:
- Transit.
- Import and export.
- Reimport and re-export.
- Import and export (temporary).
- Processing within or outside the customs border.
- Destruction of cargo.
- Customs warehousing.
- Free trade.
- Registration of rejection of goods in favor of the state.
Registration and declaration
The declaration procedure is one of the most responsible, since in its process there is a reconciliation of documents with goods. The information provided must be complete - only in this case a declaration will be received. It should also be remembered that the customs clearance of goods may reveal violations, followed by a fine or seizure of goods. This mainly applies to cases where false information about the product is provided.
Documents for customs clearance
Making a batch of goods necessarily requires the provision of a certain set of documents. In particular, this list contains the following:
- Transportation agreement.
- Foreign trade agreement.
- Invoices in the package of shipping documents.
- Certificate confirming payment of customs payment.
- If a third party provides documents for the customs clearance of goods on behalf of the owner of the goods, then a corresponding power of attorney is also necessary.
- Documents on the classification of the product code.
- Payment orders (in rubles or currency).
- Passport for the transaction and certificates confirming the value of the goods.
- Information about the organization, including statutory documents.
Depending on the nature of the cargo, invoices, specification documents, installation sheets, etc. may also be required. It is important to collect all the documents before starting the transportation, otherwise the process of customs clearance will turn out to be a lot of problems. Various goods are seized daily at checkpoints, and a considerable part of them do not go through customs precisely because of incorrect or incomplete documentation.
Product classification
At this stage, the existing classification of the goods is checked and, if it is considered incorrect, then the customs officers change it on their own. Classification per se is required to carry out non-tariff and customs and tariff regulation. This is necessary for calculating customs duties, establishing the amount of fees and taxes. In accordance with tax legislation, customs clearance and delivery of goods require payments from the owner of the consignment.Unscrupulous owners sometimes try to minimize the size of these payments, initially underestimating the value of the goods in the declaration. However, if customs officials have any suspicions, they can make a request to the regulatory authorities, where data on the real value of the goods will be provided.
Deadlines
In accordance with current regulations, cargo clearance must be completed within one day. As a rule, all procedures are carried out on the same day that the documents for the goods were submitted. If the conditions of release have been met, customs clearance of goods can be made the next day after the completion of registration of the declaration. But it is also possible to extend the term, for example, if an examination of the cargo has been appointed or a request has been submitted to the control authorities of the exporting country. It is important to keep in mind that such delays can affect the quality of food.
Customs payments
The size of payments is affected classification of goods. But sometimes it is determined by the size of the duty, as well as the manufacturer. For example, minimum tariffs apply to states that are members of the customs union. The amount of payment increases if it is planned to customs clearance of goods from China or other Asian countries, and in the case of the states of other continents, other factors are often important, due to which the cost also increases.
The very methodology of calculating payments is difficult, therefore, beginners are advised to contact third-party professionals who are professionally involved in customs clearance. This will initially determine the approximate cost of customs clearance and, possibly, adjust the logistic model in order to minimize financial losses. In addition, experts recommend a more thorough study of legislation in the field of calculation of payments at customs. New changes sometimes simplify the procedure for cargo clearance, and reduce the size of some duties.
Customs Brokerage Services
Today, specialized companies offer their services in this area, with the help of which cargo clearance is carried out quickly and in full compliance with legal standards. As additional services, customs brokers offer warehousing, insurance, outsourcing, etc. In the average corridor, the cost of customs clearance through a specialized company varies from 10 to 15 thousand. Prices depend on the type of cargo, the exporting country, as well as the set of related services.
The customs broker performs its function as a representative of the cargo owner and is an intermediary. By concluding an agreement with such a company, you can count on a hassle-free and quick completion of all clearance procedures. However, this is possible under two conditions:
- The shipment initially has all the necessary documentation drawn up in the correct form and legal origin;
- The customs broker represented by the company has the relevant certificates, licenses and professionalism.
Of course, you have to pay for quality service, but the financial costs in this case are quite justified. Especially when importing goods from abroad, non-standard situations are often encountered. Qualified assistance in the customs clearance of goods allows you to collect the documents required in a particular case and to complete clearance as soon as possible.
Conclusion
Customs clearance is a necessary set of procedures in any civilized country. The need for its passage is due to many factors, including the country's security and economic interests. Of course, such procedures cause a lot of trouble for the cargo owners themselves, but, for the most part, conscientious and experienced participants in international trade cope with solving legal issues at customs without any unnecessary problems and difficulties.
