Types and levels of management - this is a topic that is relevant for any company. There is no enterprise where no attempts were made to build an effective personnel management system and, as a result, an algorithm for achieving the assigned tasks. The competent management of various groups of specialists in the conditions of constant development is a complex but necessary process.
What is management?
This term is relevant in the case when it comes to managing the activities of various groups of employees both within a specific department and the entire enterprise as a whole.
Accordingly, the people responsible for organizing good governance are called managers. Their key task is the competent formation of the labor process, its planning, control and staff motivation. The result of such efforts should be the timely achievement of the company's goals.
Therefore, modern management is a constant desire to develop and improve the quality of work. It is worth noting the fact that professional management can make tangible social changes. An example is the growing popularity of quality education, due to the desire to get a good job.
Who is the manager?
Without effective leadership, the development of modern companies is not possible.
If you use the current meaning of the terms, then the manager can be called the manager or leader who has sufficient authority to solve various problems related to specific types of activities of the enterprise.
In general, the following people can be attributed to this category:
- managers of the enterprise, as well as its divisions (these may be departments, divisions, etc.);
- organizers of various types of work operating within the framework of program-targeted groups or units;
- administrators, regardless of the level of management, whose duties include the organization of the labor process taking into account modern requirements;
- heads of any groups of specialists.
Regardless of the profile, the key task of the manager is always to manage employees for the quality implementation of the tasks.
Key Features
Based on the above information, we can conclude that the essence of management is reduced to planning, motivation, organization of the process and its control. In fact, these are the goals of management.
Thus, the main functions of the leader have the following structure:
- planning;
- organization;
- motivation;
- control.
Regarding planning, it should be noted that within the framework of this function, the most relevant goals for the company are determined and a strategy for their achievement is drawn up, up to the formation of an algorithm for the work of employees at all levels.
At this stage, enterprise management includes working with several key issues:
- Where is the company currently located?
- Where to go?
- What exactly will this movement look like (plan, resources, etc.)?
It is thanks to planning that the company's management determines the key areas in which it is necessary to make major efforts.
Organization of an enterprise is, in fact, the process of creating and developing an existing as well as a new structure. In this case, the work of managers is focused on taking into account all the facets of the internal processes of the company with the goal of their competent interaction.If there is a high-quality formation of all processes and a global algorithm for the progress of the enterprise, all employees and managers will contribute to the effective achievement of their goals.
Also, the management system allows you to accurately determine who and what functions in the enterprise should perform.
Modern management is difficult to imagine without competent motivation. The bottom line is that the algorithm of actions and development will be successful only if all groups of employees are able to continuously perform high-quality functions assigned to them. For this, managers are developing a staff motivation system that allows them to maintain a high level of interest in the exact achievement of goals.
Management also includes control. The fact is that, due to some circumstances, the processes within the company may deviate somewhat from the original algorithm and the implementation of the tasks will be called into question. To avoid such processes, managers pay a lot of attention to monitoring the work of their subordinates.
Top management
Managers representing this category in the enterprise are always few. The responsibilities assigned to them are significant. But they can be reduced to the following concept: competent development and subsequent effective implementation of company development strategies. As part of this process, senior managers make important decisions that require appropriate competence. This group of leaders can be represented, for example, by the rector of the institution, the president of the company, or the minister.
Considering management levels, it is worthwhile to understand that the highest segment is responsible for shaping the course of movement of the entire enterprise. That is, these experts actually choose the direction of development and determine how to effectively move within the framework of the indicated course. A mistake at this level can lead to significant financial and structural losses.
For this reason, a high level of management implies active mental activity and a deep analysis of the work of the company as a whole and of each of its departments in particular.
Middle link
This group of managers controls the managers of the lower category and collects information about the quality and timing of the tasks they set. In the processed form, managers transmit this information to senior managers.
This category includes deans, department heads, and others. Their area of responsibility is quite extensive, since you have to follow a large number of processes.
The average levels of management in a company sometimes require hiring so many specialists that they are divided into separate groups. Moreover, the latter can belong to different hierarchical steps. For example, some enterprises form both the upper and lower levels of the middle management link.
Such managers, as a rule, manage large departments or divisions of the company.
Lower link
Managers of this category are also called operational managers. This group of employees is always large. The lower level of management is focused on monitoring the use of resources (personnel, equipment, raw materials) and fulfilling production tasks. At enterprises, such work is carried out by masters, the head of the laboratory, the head of the workshop and other managers. Moreover, in the framework of the tasks of the lower echelon, a transition from one type of activity to another is possible, which adds a lot of additional facets to the work.
According to studies, due to the variety of tasks and the high intensity of work, the lower levels of management are associated with a significant load. Those who occupy such a position need to constantly move from the effective implementation of one task to the solution of another.
In some cases, one work step may take a little more than a minute.With such a frequent change in intraday activity, the consciousness is in constant tension, which is fraught with prolonged stressful conditions.
Such managers do not communicate with the higher authorities very often, but they communicate a lot with subordinates.
General Management Features
This form of government finds its active implementation in the framework of modern capitalist society.
General management is needed when there is a need for management methods and approaches suitable for any field in various socio-economic systems, regardless of the level of leadership.
This category includes various management techniques and functions (accounting, organization, planning, analysis, etc.), as well as group dynamics and mechanisms used for the development and subsequent decision-making.
General Management Levels
There are several levels of this form of control that are used depending on the situation. They look as follows:
- Operational. The key task in this case is the competent regulation of processes related to the production of a product in conditions of a lack of resources.
- Strategic. In the framework of this direction, promising markets and relevant products are determined, the necessary management style is selected and a tool is selected for the implementation of the process regulation.
- Normative. Here, the enterprise management is focused on the development of rules, norms and principles of the game, allowing the company to gain a foothold in a particular market and eventually strengthen its position.
Functional management structure
This system is necessary for organizing effective leadership in certain areas of the company. That is, it, unlike the general one, is not universal and covers various functions separately. This approach includes relevant schemes for implementing the goals of the company, depending on the scope of management tools, type of business and social environment.
Functional management system includes the following areas of management:
- financial;
- industrial;
- investment;
- information management algorithm;
- innovation management;
- information management algorithm;
- HR management.
All these areas are more than relevant, since the process of division of labor has led to the emergence of numerous facets of the enterprise as such. In addition, the specifics of each area of entrepreneurship creates its own unique working conditions.
Innovation management
This management organization scheme should be given special attention. The bottom line is that markets are constantly changing, being divided into separate segments and giving life to new directions, there is a need to develop technologies and products that meet modern ever-increasing requirements. This is what this type of management is focused on.
Such a system is needed for the effective management of processes related to the creation, dissemination and subsequent application of technologies, as well as products that can satisfy the needs of a progressive society and will have scientific and technical novelty.
With innovative management, the goal is also to create an environment that allows for targeted search, training, as well as the implementation of innovations necessary to maintain competitiveness.
Total
Levels of management and their characteristics, as well as various types of management, are an integral part of the modern economy, without which companies simply cannot meet the ever changing market requirements.
