In the past few decades, the situation in the country did not at all predispose to the successful construction of production and did not spare the forms of state administration at all. In addition, the average earnings of the population play a significant role. After a change in government, the economy was not in the best of times. This was reflected in a significant drop in production and business activity.
Importance of management
Regardless of what period the country is going through, crisis or calm, the activities of any organizations require skilled management, which guarantees not only the development and effective functioning, but also the survival of the enterprise. In addition, it is worth noting that species management structures also affect the relationship between organizations and future decisions. In other words, not only the organization itself, but also its environment depends on management. Market relations dictate their conditions under which the leader must have creative thinking, initiative, independence, enterprise, and he must also be prepared to take risks in reasonable measures.
Features
The main feature of management these days refers to the effectiveness of management actions, taking into account the lack of resources, reducing the administrative influence and regulation of production, as well as taking into account the intensification of production. It should play a role in the development of the market, the stability of pricing policies and relations regarding wholesale trade.
The concept
Management is at the same time an element, and includes the types of management functions that should ensure the system maintain its structure, support the regime, and also realize the tasks and goals necessary for its development. Under management, it is customary to understand the totality of processes that are able to provide support for a system in a particular state or improve its mechanisms in order to improve its work, using developments and influencing it by setting goals and objectives. Impacts occur based on collection, transfer and processing information flows including management decisions. The concept and types of management are based on this principle. In other words, management affects employees so that they strive to achieve goals that are beneficial to the organization.
Tasks
People who represent the management apparatus must effectively use and coordinate all possible resources of the company in order to achieve goals that are useful to it. The main objective of management is the use of experience, skills, intellect and knowledge in the formulation of tasks to achieve the goals of the organization. It also includes the main types of management. It should be borne in mind that all resources should be distributed rationally and maximally profitably for the general goal of the company.
Management
As the object of management, you can take the industry, the territorial assembly of people, reproduction, economic activity, resources and production. As a subject - people in leadership positions who have the power to make decisions. The types of management structures are divided according to the following criteria:
- Normative management - provides for the development and implementation of the philosophy of the company, in other words, an entrepreneurial policy is carried out that allows you to determine the position of the organization on the market and form its general strategies.
- Strategic management - the creation of strategies, their distribution in the time frame. At the same time, the success potential of the company is formed, and the implementation of strategies is monitored.
- Operational management - the development of operational and tactical measures conducive to practical solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of the enterprise.
Management principles
Based on the functional division of the work of management, management is divided into the following types: production, administrative, personnel, environmental, creative and much more. Management methods are methods of work using specific tools, tools and management methods. They are socio-psychological, economic and administrative.
A detailed review of management principles
Boundedness (integrity) is based on the opinion that any system depends on its elements, but at the same time its properties are not properties of these parts. It does not come down to them or their sum. They have their own system, while they are not reflected in any of its elements. The properties of the system can be considered the quality and effectiveness of management.
Genetic certainty consists in solving a problem by searching for the causes of its occurrence. An analysis is made of the factors that provoked it, and their consequences. The manager must first determine why this happened, and then decide what to do about it.
Spatio-temporal types of control systems suggest the existence of a system that is independent of external factors. This process is important, which is evident in the analysis of the management of transnational corporations, the dynamics of their communications during the growth and development of the company. Here we have in mind that any connection, no matter whether it is internal or external, any element refers to a certain time and space interval. It is important what kind of influence was at that time, and how it affected the functioning of the organization. No less important is the story or stage, in other words, the cyclical nature of the existence of the system and its development. This requires a clear account of all the trends that have affected development.
This helps anticipate the ups and downs in the development of the organization. This principle is also used when considering types of government. In addition, it provides an opportunity to prepare for situations on the brink of crisis and will help determine when it is worth making risky decisions. The main thing is to highlight the relationship between the past and the present stage and qualitatively analyze it.
Conventionality of system boundaries with the environment from the outside while maintaining the integrity of the system - this principle is the main one, which includes the types of control systems. The border does not disappear completely, it is a link to a larger system. This principle is important in that it allows you to control not only the internal elements, but also take control of the elements of the external environment. Practical management requires not only monitoring these processes, but also clearly highlighting the connection between them.
Relativity is the ratio of elements and parts of the system. Despite the variability of this state, in certain criteria it is static. This management principle is based on a reasonable and beneficial control of all relationships in the system.
Types of management
The concept of management refers to special areas related to managerial activity, which are directly associated with the solution of specific tasks. There is general management, it means the types of management of the organization as a whole, as well as control over its independent links. Under functional management understand the management of individual areas of the organization or its elements. It is these two types of management that make up the management mechanism in any organization.
Detailed description of each type
Administrative management involves the development and adoption of decisions, as well as the distribution of tasks between employees and full control over the implementation of tasks.
Innovative types of management involve the organization and control of research, the adoption and distribution of all innovations, based on the prospects and goals of the organization, its potential capabilities and survey results.
Production management involves the organization and supply of material resources, preparation of production and its implementation directly, the main goal is to preserve the properties of established technologies and to monitor the implementation of quality requirements of manufactured products.
The moral and ethical types of personnel management are to organize the selection, provision of the necessary knowledge, the distribution, evaluation and stimulation of employees, in addition, this includes monitoring the quality of relations in the staff.
Environmental management involves the organization of warnings, preventions and elimination of consequences through which production can harm the environment.
Investment management involves identifying priority financial investments, purchases, earning income, benefits by determining the effectiveness of projects by calculation.
Creative types of management involve the development of aspirations for the implementation of experience, ideas, knowledge through marketing tools.
Strategic management implies the creation of promising tasks for the development of the organization, allowing to increase its competitiveness, consolidate goals on the basis of long-term plans, develop programs to achieve the desired.
Crisis management involves identifying situations that can lead to a crisis that arise during the operation of the enterprise, as well as identifying risks and finding solutions to minimize losses from these situations. It involves developing a strategy that will help the organization to stay at the same level and increase its effectiveness. As tools are used the introduction of innovations, a full analysis of the organization, as well as updating capital.