With the development of mankind, structuring and optimization of the data we have and the possibilities of their use occur. The key is the information model. Today, it is a significantly underrated planning tool. To break this trend, you need to tell the audience about its capabilities, which is what the author of this article will do.
What is called an information model? Description and structure
This is the name of the object model. She is represented in type of information which describes the parameters and variables that are essential for a particular case, the relationships between them, as well as the inputs and outputs for the data, when applied to which you can influence the result. They cannot be seen or touched. In general, they do not have material embodiment, since they are based on the use of one information. This includes data that characterize the state of the object, significant properties, processes and phenomena, as well as the relationship with the external environment. This process is called the description of the information model. This is the very first step. A complete information model is usually a complex development, which can have many structures, which are summarized in the framework of the article into three main types:
- Descriptive. This includes models that are created in natural languages. They can have any arbitrary structure that will satisfy the person making them.
- Formal This includes models that are created in formal languages (scientific, professional or specialized). Examples include the following: all kinds of tables, formulas, graphs, maps, charts, and other similar structural formations.
- Chromatic. These include models that were created using the natural language of the semantics of color concepts, as well as their ontological predicates. The latter mean the possibility of recognizing the values of color canons and meanings. As an example of chromatic models, we can point out those that were built using the appropriate theoretical base and methodology.
As you can see, the main component is data, its structure and processing procedure. Developing the idea, it can be supplemented that the information model is a scheme that describes the essence of a particular object, as well as all the procedures necessary for its study. Variables are used to more fully describe the characteristics. They replace the attribute of the goal that is being worked out. And here the structure of the information model is of great importance.
Let's give an example. The description of the broom and instructions for its use is an information model for the cleaner. But that's not all. The description and technological process of manufacturing a broom, as set forth in the relevant documentation, is an information model and an algorithm by which the manufacturer makes it. As you can see, the most important properties of the object are reflected. In reality, of course, the information model is only an approximate description. As a result, we can say that these data, with the help of which the knowledge of reality is realized, are relatively true.
General classification
What information models exist? The classification is based on the definition itself:
- Depending on the number of variable values, they are divided into dynamic and statistical.
- By the method of description they are symbolic, full-scale, formalized.
- Depending on the design features of the variables are divided into graph, graphic, ideographic, textual, algorithmic, tabular.
Types of Information Models
Both physical and ideal objects of analysis lend themselves to research. This leads to the fact that there are no identical information models that can be approached with the same set of tools. Therefore, you have to use separate approaches and something special that will allow you to study or explore the subject area. Based on such judgments, it is customary to distinguish three types of information models:
- Math. Thanks to them, they study the phenomena and processes that are presented in the form of the most general mathematical laws or abstract objects, which are enough to express the laws of nature or the internal properties of the observed. Also used to confirm the rule of logical reasoning.
- Computer It is used to describe a set of variables that are represented by abstract data types and filed in accordance with the requirements of the EOM processing environment.
- Material. So called object reflection of the object, preserving the geometric and physical properties (globe, toys, mannequins). Chemical experiments are also related to material models.
Types of Information Models
Since they are a collection of information, they often characterize the state and properties of an object, phenomenon, process and their interaction with the world around them. Depending on how they are presented and expressed, there are two types of information models:
- Verbal. They are created as a result of human mental activity and are presented in verbal form or with the help of gestures.
- Significant. To express them, drawings, diagrams, graphs, formulas are used.
What is needed to create them?
Information, and as accurate as possible. The more the data provided meets the real indicator, the more effectively the model is applied in practice. In order to develop a model, all the possible information is first collected. It is eliminated and the one that provides the most value to the researcher remains. The analysis of information of interest is carried out, on the basis of which it is structured. And depending on the goals, the researcher builds the necessary model from separate data blocks. Then a search for errors and elimination of contradictions is carried out. When this step is completed, the development of the information model is also considered completed.
Where are information models used?
Everywhere. Only such a designation is not always applied in practice because of its excessive scientific character. Instructions for computers, televisions, telephones, used bottles of water, car batteries are just a few examples. The information model is the technology of production of combines, tractors, aircraft, trucks, trailers, buildings. As you can see, there is an application for it both in everyday life and in industry. But the term “information model” itself is more used in the latter sphere due to the fact that more complex processes with the participation of a large number of people take place here.
Creation example
Let's try to analyze in detail what an information model is. It is not as difficult as it may seem. Take the keyboard as an example. Two directions can be defined with respect to the user: description and tuning questions. Firstly, it writes productively in the annotations what a good product it is, what it can do, how it is convenient to work with it.It analyzes the advanced technologies used in its creation, environmental benefits and other similar things. The main thing is to like it. But lying is still not necessary, as this will have undesirable consequences.
Secondly, tuning issues are being worked out. You can answer them using the pictures on the insert leaflet, which will show where to insert the keyboard connector into the computer. A small repair kit, instructions for its use, design features of the device, how it should be disassembled in case of certain problems, and a number of other questions that can only be thought out and answered by users can also be attached.
Features
The more data, the description of the information model will be more complicated. These are two sides of the coin: choose between accuracy and functionality. In order not to go too far or to avoid a poor study of the issue, the tasks for study and the depth of their analysis should be outlined in advance. You should take care of all the available points, since any problem made at this stage in the future will only add work and the need for the cost of money to resolve the conflict.
Studying the aspects of information modeling
From a scientific point of view, cybernetics deals with this issue. Therefore, if you have a desire to deepen your knowledge in this area, stock up on several recently published books and carefully study them. Although it is possible to inquire differently what the simplest information models are. Computer science can provide the necessary basis, but cybernetics is needed to obtain the fullness of knowledge. Within its framework, it will be possible to familiarize not only with the detailed principles of modeling, but also to learn about existing developments, as well as the possibilities of their application.
Conclusion
The information model is an important and useful tool, if used correctly. When creating complex systems (for example, software), it allows you to work through the basic technical issues and eliminate possible non-matching. In the framework of the article, knowledge was placed about what information models are, how they are created and other useful information that will be useful in practice.
