Today, more and more citizens are thinking about purchasing this or that means for self-defense, ensuring personal safety, as well as the safety of their home. The easiest way, of course, is to purchase something that does not require a compulsory license and is not under strict control at the Department of Internal Affairs, such as, for example, an electroshock device or a tear gas spray. But those who decided to purchase weapons specifically for protection should first of all take care of compliance with all the requirements of the legislation currently in force. Otherwise, instead of a reliable remedy, it is quite possible to obtain criminal liability.
According to the main document governing the acquisition, licensing and possession of weapons throughout the Russian Federation - Federal Law No. 150 FZ of December 13, 1996 “On Weapons” (hereinafter in the article - Federal Law “On Weapons”), it is possible to purchase the following funds for self-defense :
- gas weapons: this category includes various types of gas revolvers and pistols, as well as spray guns, that is, the very same “gas cartridges”,
- smooth-bore firearms (long-barreled),
- stun guns that meet established technical requirements,
- Limited Edition Firearms (LLCP).
The latter concept, as a separate category of weapons, appeared in the text of the law relatively recently, only in 2011, in connection with changes made by deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation in the Federal Law "On Weapons". The need to determine this type of means of self-defense was caused by a stormy public reaction to the frequent cases when, in everyday conflicts, most often unreasonably, citizens used limited-destruction weapons loaded with traumatic cartridges.
After legislative changes in the Federal Law “On Weapons”, not only a clear definition of what could be considered legal LLC, but also the requirements for the acquisition, possession, storage and, what is important for legal use, this means of self-defense were significantly tightened.
What about limited weaponry?
The Federal Law "On Weapons" defines it this way: the category "limited-range firearms" refers to barrelless or short-barreled weapons, which are designed to hit a target at a distance suitable for the use of a projectile (traumatic) cartridge that causes injuries, but not harm, leading to fatal the outcome.
The requirements for all are also applicable to OEP. types of weapons self defense:
- lack of technical ability to fire in bursts,
- magazine capacity of 10 or less rounds,
- lack of technical ability to use live ammunition for firing,
- full compliance with all the requirements and limitations of forensic science.
An important detail: unlike a long-barreled firearm, legally acquired weapons of limited destruction are allowed by law not only to be stored in the home, but also to be carried with you.
Separately, the types of cartridges that are supposed to be used in OOP are considered. Federal Law “On Weapons” identifies the following types of cartridges for PLO:
- traumatic action
- light-sound action
- gas action
- signal.
Certification of LLCP, weapons that have passed certification as LLCP
After the aforementioned amendments to the Federal Law were introduced, certificates for self-defense weapons became invalid since the summer of 2011.In this regard, all weapons intended for civilian self-defense had to be re-certified.
Thus, the following LLCP models received certificates: Osa-PB4, Taurus LOM-13, MP-461, Cordon, Leader-M, Shark, WASP R, Shaman, Thunder-01, Grand -Power T-12, TT-T, Steyr M-A1, MP-353, PM-T, MP-78-9TM, MP-80-13E, MP-79-9TM, "Guard".
Note: The indicated LLCP models were certified first. Other models also have the possibility of re-certification, therefore, when acquiring weapons of limited destruction, you just need to make sure that you have a valid certificate.
The new certification rules also applied to cartridges produced for AEP, which at the moment, according to new certificates, are called "cartridges for AEP". The law permits their application exclusively to OP pistols.
Office OOOP
The Federal Law "On Weapons" very clearly defines what weapons should be for official purposes. So, it should be with a magazine capacity of 10 or less rounds and excluding the possibility of firing bursts. Another essential requirement is that it must necessarily have differences established by law from civilian and military weapons.
Weapons of limited destruction are also allowed to be used as service weapons subject to the following conditions:
- Full compliance with all forensic requirements.
- The technical possibility of firing from an ASF with any ammunition intended for combat and all types of smoothbore and rifled weapons should be completely excluded.
- Energy shot traumatic cartridges should be no more than 150 J.
In particular, the limited-service service weapon in 2012 was included in the standards for the provision of weapons and ammunition to employees of the private security company from the standard of 1 unit of TEP with traumatic cartridges for two guards.
Who is eligible for the acquisition of LLC
You need to know that not every citizen of the Russian Federation can become the owner of the PLO. Article 13 of the Federal Law “On Weapons” defines the full circle of citizens who have the right to obtain permission to purchase firearms of limited destruction. These people are:
• Russian citizens who are 21 years old.
It is worth noting here that for other things weapons for self defense the age of the acquirer is from 18 years.
• Citizens of the Russian Federation younger than 21 years old, but serving in the Military Military District (state militarized organizations) and having a military rank or other special ranks and ranks provided for by the Federal Law "On Weapons".
Age cannot be reduced even by decision of the competent authorities, as is allowed in the case of hunting weapons.
It should also be remembered that in order to obtain permission to purchase an AEP, you must undergo a special training course in skills for the safe handling of weapons in an educational or sports institution that provides such training under license. After training, a certificate and a certificate of knowledge verification are issued, which is mandatory provided to the LRO (licensing and permitting department) of the Department of Internal Affairs. Retraining and testing of knowledge will necessarily have to be repeated every five years.
How to get a license (permit) for OOP, a list of necessary documents
A permit for weapons of limited destruction is issued in the licensing and permitting department of the police department at the place of registration.
The list of documents that must be submitted to LRO ATS in order to obtain a license for the acquisition of LLC:
- application for permission
- passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and copies of passport pages,
- a document on the passage of training and testing of knowledge on the safe handling of firearms with the attached act on the testing of knowledge,
- medical report in the form 046-1 (a copy of the license of the medical institution is attached to it),
- extracts from the neuropsychiatric and narcological dispensary confirming that the future owner of the weapon is not registered,
- state duty receipt
- Three 3x4 photos.
It is possible to acquire LLCP only after obtaining permission! A license to purchase a limited-edition firearm is granted for five years. During this time, a citizen enjoys the right to acquire for himself no more than two weapons.
To purchase an LLC, a license is presented in the store along with the passport of the future owner.
The next step after the purchase should be the registration of the acquired self-defense weapons in the LRO ATS at the place of permanent registration of the owner of the LLC. The Federal Law “On Weapons” prescribes to do this within fourteen days from the date of acquisition.
To renew the license, you must submit the same set of documents to the LRO three months before the expiration of the permit as for obtaining the permit.
Restrictions on Applicants for a License
In addition to age restrictions defined by the Federal Law “On Weapons”, there are other reasons why the LRO has reason to refuse to receive a license to purchase a limited-range firearm:
- lack of a medical report (form 046-1) and (or) extract from a neuropsychiatric and narcological clinic,
- if the applicant for the acquisition of weapons is registered with a neuropsychiatric or narcological clinic,
- in the presence of diseases that legally preclude the possession of weapons of limited destruction,
- in the absence of documents confirming training in the rules of safe handling of LLC,
- having an outstanding conviction for intentional crimes,
- serving a conditional or actual punishment for a crime committed,
- if the applicant has no permanent place of residence,
- upon repeated commission of administrative offenses (during the year),
- deprived of the right to own weapons in accordance with a court decision.
How to store OOP at home
An inalienable and mandatory rule for the issuance of this license is the creation of conditions ensuring the home storage of firearms of limited destruction and special cartridges only in a safe or in a special metal box with a reliable lock.
The availability of storage space in the home of the acquirer of weapons should be checked by the local police officer. On checking the availability of storage conditions, a report is drawn up, which can be obtained from the district police officer independently. But, as a rule, this document is requested by the licensing department, therefore, the conclusion is not indicated in the list of required documents for licensing.
Wearing LLCP
There are a number of restrictions on the wearing of AEPs, as on any firearm. In particular, carrying an LLCP is only possible on the basis of a license or special permit. An important detail: if a citizen has a limited firearm with him, a license for it or permission to carry and store should always be on hand. In addition, along with a permit or license, it is mandatory to have documents proving the identity of the owner.
Carrying a limited-destruction weapon is possible with a magazine equipped with cartridges, but only in a holster, on a fuse and without a cartridge in the chamber.
Self-defense weapons, even with permission, are forbidden to carry with you when participating in events involving a large crowd of people: rallies, processions, parades, cultural, sports and other events, with the exception of cases provided for by the Federal Law “On Weapons”. There is also a ban on carrying OP weapons in educational institutions, in leisure facilities that trade in alcoholic beverages (bar, restaurant, etc.), and a ban on the carrying of drunk alcohol.
What threatens the owner of the LLCP non-compliance with the rules of wearing? The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for a fine of 500 to 2,000 rubles or the temporary deprivation of the legal right to acquire an LLC, the wearing of an LLC, storage of an LLC from six months to a year. Only with strict and strict observance of all the conditions established by law is it permissible to carry firearms of limited destruction. Permission to store and carry must necessarily contain information about the model, type and type of LLC.
LLCP Transportation
Transportation of weapons of limited destruction within the region is carried out on the basis of a license or permission to store and carry issued by the ATS. For safety reasons, transportation is carried out disassembled, in a special case or case. During transportation, the owner must have a license to purchase weapons of limited destruction and an identity card (passport). Within any populated areas, transporting an LLCP in a charged state is strictly prohibited. At the same time, no more than five pieces of self-defense weapons and 400 or less pieces of cartridges for it are allowed to be transported. In other words, transportation, as well as carrying firearms of limited destruction, is legislatively difficult, although possible.
If you intend to take LLCP outside the region, then a separate transportation permit must be issued in the licensing department.
Rules for the destruction of AEP and its cartridges
If the need for self-defense weapons is no longer necessary, or in cases when the license for a limited-destruction weapon is revoked or liquidated, the question arises: how can one destroy or otherwise dispose of the weapons in their possession? According to the Federal Law “On Weapons”, an LLC can be sold by prior notification of the ATS in which the weapon is registered.
If weapons or ammunition become unusable, under the Rules for the Turnover of Civil and Service Weapons, they are donated to the supplier or seller for destruction at the request of the legal owner.
How and in which cases is it possible to use OOP
The legislator does not in vain emphasize that firearms of limited destruction refer exclusively to self-defense weapons. Moreover, any case of the use of personal or service weapons is subject to investigation and consideration for the validity of such an action. There are many restrictions on how to use weapons of limited destruction, along with the use of any other firearms, as well as in situations where this action will be lawful.
The main rule for the use of AEP is the use of exclusively legally owned weapons and only in cases where the use of firearms of limited destruction is a necessary defense, and possibly an emergency. Another question is that it can be used both for the preservation and protection of health and life, and for the protection of property.
Violation of the principles and rules of the use of weapons of limited destruction established by law can lead to unpleasant and even serious legal consequences.
So, how and in what cases to use LLCP for self-defense, so as not to turn from a victim into a suspect, and then into a defendant.
- Get, threaten to use and use weapons only in case of a visible threat to life and health, for example, if there is an object in the hands of the attacker that looks like a weapon, or in the case of a group attack, when there are more than one attacker.
- Before using a weapon, a clear warning must be made about the intention to use it, for example, a shot in the air, a warning scream or a jerking of the bolt.
- It is unacceptable to aim at the head, heart or groin.Such actions may be construed as intentional harm.
- It is necessary to report on the use of AEP in ATS within no more than a day. Any assistance from the police department, the presence of a lawyer and a well-written explanation are welcome.
- In cases where it is not a matter of armed or group attacks, the law prohibits the use of weapons of limited destruction against women, minors and people who have clear signs of disability.
