According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government is the highest federal body that exercises executive power in the country. The order of activity and the status of the structure are also regulated by federal constitutional law. Initially, you need to familiarize yourself with what are the main provisions regarding the operation of this vertical.
The principle of formation and dissolution
The state function of the government as the main structure representing the highest executive power consists in administrative and organizational activities, this is the most important link in the system of separation of the state apparatus.
Components of the system:
- Government of the country.
- Federal authorities (Departments and Ministries, Committees, Agencies).
- Bodies of state entities.
The formation procedure begins with the appointment of the Prime Minister. The President of the country proposes a candidate for this position for consideration by the State Duma. Constitutional law obliges the leader of the state to abide by certain norms for the implementation of this step. The law provides for several situations:
- Following the resignation of the former government, a two-week period must be respected.
- The rejection of the submitted candidacy by the State Duma is implemented within a week.
Only the President of the country may nominate a Chairperson. If there is disagreement between the leader of the state and the deputies on this issue, the path to resolving them is determined by the Constitution. The Duma may be dissolved after a three-fold rejection of the nominations submitted for consideration. A government whose formation and powers are subject to strict legislative and constitutional principles cannot function without the appointment of a Chair.
After making the appropriate appointment, there comes a time for the selection of candidates for the posts of deputies, ministers of federal significance. The Chairman of the Government presents a list of persons to the President who implements the choice and appointment. The process is not public. Thus, the actual number of members included in this structure is determined by the leader of the state. The term of office of the Government depends on the election or re-election of the President.
Dissolution
The country's constitution also governs the resignation of the Government. The law provides a variety of grounds for implementing these measures, depending on who initiated the process. The government at the meeting, in the presence of all its members, can decide on the resignation, of which the corresponding statement is signed. In this case, the dissolution is voluntary.
In another case, the initiator may be the head of state. The reasons may be very different, but usually they relate to exacerbation of contradictions. In addition, the Chamber of the Federal Assembly or the State Duma may express distrust to this structure. Parliament has the right to vote. The President decides on the resignation; in the case of a positive assessment, the termination of the Government’s powers is implemented, the structure is dissolved.
How is the device?
After formation, an integral vertical of executive power is formed. The government, its structure and the powers of each link are presented below.
Composition:
- Chapter. The area of competence is making suggestions for improving the relevant bodies.Determination of the priority vector of activity, organization of work in accordance with the Constitution, decrees of the President, Federal Law. The powers of the Prime Minister may be delegated to the First Deputy in case of his absence.
- First Deputy. Competence is the right of a decisive vote at plenums, the development and implementation of political issues.
- Vice Chairmen. Powers - consideration of decisions, orders introduced into the structure. Participation in the preparation of decisions, ensuring their implementation, coordination of the work of executive bodies of federal importance.
- Ministers of the Russian Federation. Competency - participation in meetings with a casting vote, preparation of decisions and orders, development and implementation of a country's policy, authority to manage relevant bodies, appointment and deprivation of authority of heads of federal bodies.
Ministries and departments
The structure of the Government includes the following ministries:
- Ministry of Internal Affairs (internal affairs).
- Ministry of Emergencies (civil defense, emergency response and natural disaster).
- MFA (Foreign Affairs).
- Ministry of Defense.
- Ministry of Justice.
- Ministry of Health.
- Ministry of Culture.
- Ministry of Education.
- Ministry of Natural Resources (Natural Resources and Ecology).
- Ministry of Industry and Trade.
- Ministry for the Development of the Far Eastern Region.
- Ministry of Crimean Affairs.
- Ministry of the North Caucasus.
- Ministry of Communications (communications and mass communications).
- Ministry of Agriculture.
- Minsport.
- Ministry of Construction (construction and housing and communal services).
- Ministry of Transport.
- Ministry of Labor (labor and social protection).
- Ministry of Finance.
- Ministry of Economic Development.
- Ministry of Energy.
Area of competence
Many citizens of our country are concerned about the question of what are the powers of the Government. Among people, political interest and consciousness are growing in relation to their own state, management structure, and executive power.
The powers of the Government are disclosed as follows:
- Management and evaluation of the activities of federal ministries and bodies.
- Distribution of functions between the executive authorities.
- The introduction of the procedure for the creation and functioning of territorial structures.
- Establishing the amount of financial resources necessary for the maintenance of the apparatus of power within the limits of the appropriations provided by the budget of the country
- Appointment and dismissal of deputy ministers of the Russian Federation, heads of relevant bodies.
- Suspension or cancellation of executive acts.
- The establishment of organizations, advisory bodies to investigate the causes of emergencies.
General competency
The general powers of the government can be denoted as follows:
- Organization of external and domestic policy country.
- Building the unity of the executive vertical system in the Russian Federation. Direction and control of the activities of the authorities.
- Regulation of the socio-economic sphere.
- Formation of targeted programs and providing conditions for their implementation.
- Realization of the rights of legislative initiative.
- Transfer of powers to executive bodies, if this is not contrary to the Constitution.
- The functions and powers of the Government in this area relate to the implementation of decisions transferred to the structure by the federal executive bodies.
- Providing annual reporting on the results of activities.
- Submission to the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the country of information on the development and timing of the adoption of legal regulations.
Economic sphere
Powers of the Government of the country in the field of economics:
- Implementation and control of economic issues.
- Ensuring the integrity and unity of the economic space, freedom of activity, the movement of financial resources, services, goods.
- Making forecasts related to the socio-economic development of the country.
- Development and implementation of development programs for priority sectors.
- Creating an investment and structural policy, making decisions aimed at its implementation.
- Enforcement of federal property management.
- Realization of issues in the field of investment, financial, economic, international economic cooperation.
- General management of the customs industry.
- Taking measures to protect domestic services, goods, manufacturers.
- Acquisition of a mobilization economic plan of the country.
- Ensuring the full functioning of the defense industry of the Russian Federation.
Credit, financial, budgetary policy
The powers of the Government in this area can be described as follows:
- Ensuring the implementation of a single monetary, financial, credit policy.
- Development and submission of the federal budget to the State Duma and ensuring its implementation, development of appropriate reporting.
- Development and implementation of tax policy.
- Execution of improving the budget structure.
- Securities market control.
- Control public debt (external and internal).
- Currency control and regulation.
- Management of financial and monetary activities related to relations with other states.
- Development and implementation of measures for a unified pricing policy.
Social sphere
The powers of the Government in this area are as follows:
- Creating the conditions for a unified social policy.
- Realization of civil rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the country in the field of social security.
- Social development provision and charity.
- Enforcement of labor rights of citizens.
- Development of programs aimed at eliminating unemployment, ensuring their implementation.
- Implementation of the unified migration policy of the state.
- Realization of civil rights in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare and health protection.
- Assistance in resolving issues of motherhood, family, childhood, youth policy.
- Interaction with religious organizations and public associations.
- The powers of the Government in the social sphere concern the adoption and implementation of measures to develop tourism, sports, physical education, resort and sanatorium.
Culture, science, education
The powers of the Government in this area are as follows:
- Implementation and adoption of measures for the development of science.
- Implementation of support for priority areas in this field and basic sciences.
- Creation of a single political vector in the educational sphere.
- Identification of the main areas of improvement and development of the education system, including free.
- Providing full state support for culture, preserving cultural heritage of national importance.
Nature management, environmental issues
The powers of the Government are distributed as follows:
- Ensuring a unified policy in this area.
- Monitoring the exercise of civil rights to realize environmental well-being.
- Organization of the rational exploitation of natural resources.
- Environmental management.
- Development of the state mineral resource base.
- Coordination of activities aimed at preventing the development of natural disasters, catastrophes and accidents.
International Relations, Politics
The government of the country carries out:
- Ensuring the implementation of the tasks of the state’s foreign policy.
- Appointment of country offices in organizations at the international level and in foreign countries.
- The conclusion of international treaties within the competence.
- Fulfillment of state obligations under international treaties.
- Defending the geopolitical tasks and interests of the country, protecting citizens located outside its borders.
- Regulation and state control in the sector of foreign economic activity.
The fight against crime, the protection of citizens
The powers of the government are as follows:
- Development and implementation of policies in the field of ensuring personal security of citizens, society and the state.
- Ensuring the rule of law, rights, civil liberties to combat crime, socially dangerous phenomena.
- Development and implementation of measures aimed at strengthening personnel, developing and strengthening the material and technical base of law enforcement agencies.
- Creation of conditions for ensuring the activities of the judiciary.
State Security and Defense
The main powers of the government in this area:
- Ensuring the country's security and defense.
- Organization of armed equipment for troops and military units.
- Implementation of programs aimed at developing weapons, preparing citizens for the military accounting service.
- Providing social guarantees for those serving in the army.
- Taking measures to protect the country's border.
- Civil Defense Management.
The features of the activity of this federal structure are that when the emergency or martial law The relevant constitutional and federal laws and decrees of the head of state come into force.
Government Acts
- Issuing orders and decisions, ensuring their implementation.
- Normative acts on operational and current tasks issued in the form of resolutions.
- Non-normative acts issued in the form of orders.
- Acts are mandatory for implementation throughout the state.
- Any document must be signed by the Chair.
- Decisions, with the exception of those that are state secrets, are subject to mandatory publication.
The powers of the President and the Government are regulated by the Constitution of the country. In carrying out their activities, the ruling structures adopt many programs related to the functioning of the entire state.
