Today, young people rarely think about such a "distant" future as retirement age. Moreover, the economic conditions are such that you have to choose between “life now” and “later”. Only wise elderly people tirelessly repeat: retirement is just around the corner. How to secure a decent financial future, what payments to expect in old age and how to deal with pension issues today?
Pension. How it was
Until 01/01/2015, the procedure for calculating old-age pensions in Russia assumed the following conditions to be met:
- achievement by a citizen of retirement age;
- the citizen’s accumulated funds in the OPS are those funds that the employer paid monthly to the fund for the employee.
The funded and insurance parts were the integral components of the retirement pension, today these are two independent components. The old pension scheme did not take into account seniority and thus equalized the pension payments of citizens. The new calculation formula includes more components and covers all the nuances.
Pension. What a worker should know
Since the beginning of 2015, a new pension accrual procedure has been introduced. 
Citizens who care about their financial situation in old age need to know the following:
- Retirement age has not changed. Women can begin to receive a pension when they reach 55 years old, men - 60.
- The later a worker retires after retirement age, the greater will be the amount of pension payments.
- To receive a pension, you must have seniority. Today it is not less than 5 years, and for those who will retire from 2024 - 15.
- Payments consist of several parts - funded and insurance. A citizen has the right to refuse to form the funded part and transfer all his contributions to the insurance only.
- The higher the official salary of a working person, the more he will receive a pension.
- The pension will be formed in points, then transferred to money and paid to pensioners. A citizen who retires in 2015 must accumulate at least 6 points. For those retiring in 2025, the minimum number of points will be 30.
- For working citizens who have managed to gain seniority and do not retire in 2015, the state guarantees that all pension rights are respected. Since 2014, it has been converted to individual pension coefficients (points).
Who and when can receive a pension
For more than a year under the scrutiny of the whole country, the procedure for calculating pensions. A lot of talk is related to this topic; people cannot understand and get used to innovations. Today in Russia there are the following insurance pensions: old age, loss of breadwinner and disability.
The first to experience reform will be citizens retiring in 2015. It is these people who will receive a pension according to new estimates.
In 2025, all planned changes should be introduced and the procedure for accrual and payment of pensions should be established.
Every Russian citizen who has reached retirement age, has seniority and has made the necessary contributions to the Pension Fund is entitled to a retirement pension.
If a Russian, retiring, has not managed to earn the required number of seniority, accumulate a minimum number of points or “put together” a funded part, he can only rely on a social pension. It is impossible to receive both social and labor (old age) pensions.Social pension has a fixed amount, which is established by the state. By the way, in 2015 the size of this retirement benefit amounted to 4,769, 08 rubles.
Labor pension structure
In order to understand how you will receive a pension, you need to know what it consists of. The procedure for calculating an old-age pension has undergone serious reform, and the Russians have not yet fully understood it. Let's try to clarify the question of what will be included in pension payments to citizens:
- Old-age insurance pension. How to calculate your insurance pension is described in detail below.
- Fixed payout. The amount established by the state, subject to indexation and increases due to various factors (paragraph 1 of article 16 of the Federal Law). Today, the monthly fixed payment amount is 3,935 rubles.
- Cumulative part. A detailed description of the cumulative part below.
These are the three components of the pension of working citizens. How to affect the size of each, except for a fixed payment, explains the legislation of the Russian Federation and this article.
Learning to save a pension. Cumulative part
Everyone remembers how calls from the TV and radio sounded to determine the future procedure for forming their own pensions. State and private foundations fought for the expulsion of citizens. Let's refresh this question, since it is included in the calculation of old-age pensions.
The pension accrual procedure provides for two independent parts: funded and insurance. It is on their size that the total amount of pension payments will depend.
The funded part of today's workaholic pension is under their control. Every citizen who is not yet 48 years old in 2015 must decide what to do with the funded part of his pension. She can be left as part of an insurance pension at the state pension fund or transfer to a non-governmental fund (NPF). The essence of the funded pension is that a citizen makes deductions to the account, and they increase (or not, how lucky) thanks to the chosen NPF. It is very important to choose a reliable fund so that the funds are protected and the person is guaranteed not to incur losses.
The funded part will be paid monthly and is not an obstacle to applying for other social benefits, for example, a special pension for civil servants.
Having formed the funded part, the old-age pension will also be able to receive citizens whose seniority has not reached the minimum level. The deduction for the funded part is made by the employer from those 22% of the salary that he produces. Of these, only 16% goes to a citizen's pension, where 6% will be deducted for the funded part and 10% for the insurance. Some large companies offer corporate retirement benefits to their employees. Their deductions are also summed up in the funded part. Plus, if a citizen took advantage of voluntary retirement insurance its cumulative part will be expanded. Women can transfer their maternal capital to the funded part.
It will be possible to transfer the funds of the funded part from NPFs to the state fund.
In order to form their funded part, a citizen must submit an application to the FIU by December 31, 2015.
In order to receive payments on the funded part, you must contact the fund where it was formed all this time, provide an application and attach the necessary package of documents to it.
Calculations of the funded part
Calculating how many people will receive monthly from the funded part is easy. For this, the entire amount of funds accumulated by him at the time of filing the application is taken and is divided by the "survival period". It is revised by the government based on statistics. Today, the survival period is 228 months, although the later the application for the payment of pensions is submitted, the less it will be, and the monthly amount of payments will be larger.
Example. A citizen celebrated his sixtieth birthday and applied for retirement. By this time, he managed to gain experience over 20 years and accumulate 350 thousand in private pension funds. When calculating a pension, his experience will not be taken into account. Interest will be added to the accumulated funds (if there were any) and the resulting amount will be divided by 228, the person will receive the result plus the benefit of his social pension.
The cumulative part can be inherited if its owner did not manage to use it during his lifetime or did not live up to it at all.
So, a funded pension is the money that a citizen will save for himself, plus the percentage of the fund for the use of funds. These funds are returned to the pensioner in installments on a monthly basis. If the citizen set out to form the funded part, but he did not succeed (for various reasons), and the amount of the funded part does not exceed five percent of the insurance pension, then the funded part is paid in a lump-sum allowance.
Insurance pension
The insurance pension receives the lion's share of employee contributions - 10% or all 16% if the citizen refused to independently form the funded part.
The main things you need to know about insurance pension:
- deductions to the insurance pension are made by the employer at the choice of a citizen in the amount of 10% or 16%;
- this pension is controlled by the state, due to which it is considered more stable; investments will not be invested, but will be indexed annually no lower than inflation;
- the pension will be calculated in points, after which it will be converted into a cash equivalent and issued to pensioners;
- To receive an insurance pension, you must have a fixed minimum length of service;
- this pension is not inherited.
Now we’ll take a closer look at the most difficult issues: points and calculating pensions.
Points. Is work for ticks coming back?
The procedure for calculating pensions in Russia has changed significantly since January 2015. A new concept is introduced - “annual pension coefficient” (GPC). This thesis will be operated upon in assessing each “labor” year of a Russian.
To calculate the GPC or points, the ratio of the citizen's annual salary with which he paid contributions to the fund and the maximum salary with which employers make contributions to the OPS is taken.
It is important to note that a citizen can make contributions to the insurance part in the amount of 10 or 16% of the salary, depending on what order of formation he chooses.
Only a “white” salary is taken into account when calculating the GPC before deducting 13% tax.
It is very difficult to independently deal with the scoring. For the convenience of citizens, a calculator is installed on the official website of the PFR, which instantly calculates the annual score.
It is noteworthy that the new procedure for calculating a labor pension includes the years of life of citizens dedicated to:
- service in the armed forces of the country;
- caring for children up to one and a half years old;
- caring for people with disabilities and citizens over eighty years of age.
The cost of one point (GIC) is annually indexed and set by the government. In 2015, the cost of one point is 71.41 rubles. The maximum annual number of points, which is taken into account in the future, is 10.
Calculation of insurance pension
To calculate the insurance pension, you must perform the following operations:
- Calculate the total amount of points that a citizen managed to get for labor activity at the time of applying for a pension.
- Multiply the number of points by the value of one point. The latter is determined annually by the state.
- Add to the received indicator a fixed payment. This indicator is also regulated by the state; at the beginning of 2015 it amounted to 4,383.59 rubles.
If a citizen continues to work after reaching retirement age, his pension payments increase.
For example: citizen Ivanova retires at age 55, while her work experience is 15 years, and the number of points is 140. We multiply 140 by 71.41 rubles and add 4 383.59. Today, Ivanova's pension would have amounted to 14,380.4 rubles.
Other social pensions
Social pensions include a subspecies such as disability and breadwinner pensions. The procedure for calculating disability pension depends on whether a citizen has work experience. The grounds for granting a disability pension and loss of a breadwinner have not changed.
The procedure for calculating a military pension
Previously, pension was paid to military personnel after 20 years of service and amounted to 50% of the salary, including additional payments.
In 2015, the procedure for calculating pensions for military personnel changed. Now, pension payments will be indexed annually at 2%.
