Non-standard (oversized) cargo is called any heavy or bulky object. Due to its size, weight or other specific features, it cannot be moved in a closed container. Oversize is a heavy load. Its mass, as a rule, exceeds 80 tons. Next, we consider how the transportation of oversized cargo is carried out (2014 rules). 
General information
Oversized transportation is considered to be a very specific and rather demanded service. It requires not only individual, but often creative approach. Transportation is usually carried out on highways due to the heaviness and multidimensionality of the cargo. But this method is not the only one. Transportation can also be carried out by rail, air, water. Oversized can be yachts, steam boilers, excavators, turbines and other items. The price of the service is calculated at special rates. As practice shows, the delivery of standard items is 15% or more lower than the transportation of oversized cargo. The 2014 rules contain certain requirements for the means by which the movement will be carried out. A certain procedure has also been established for the preparation of documentation for delivery.
Key Features
It should be noted a number of mandatory procedures, without which it is not allowed to transport oversized cargo by road. The rules prescribe, first of all, the execution of permissive documents. This is necessary even if the delivery distance is small. Existing rules for the transport of oversized cargo across several countries require obtaining permits in each state along the route. In addition, there are a number of additional tasks.
So, the rules for the transportation of oversized cargo in a car provide for a thorough study of the route, compliance with the complete safety of the parcel, and escort traffic police. There is a separate procedure for loading and unloading. It should be noted that for each means by which delivery is carried out, special rules have been developed for the transportation of oversized cargo. This is due to the fact that such a procedure is usually one-time, unique in some way. Therefore, there is no universal tariff grid for the transportation of oversized cargo. 
Delivery Rules
What are the main requirements for this type of service? The first thing that provides for the rules for the transportation of oversized cargo is traffic rules. They are required for all participants in the movement. It does not matter if they perform normal delivery or transportation of oversized cargo. The rules instruct you to pay special attention to the distribution of weight on the axis of the tool with which the movement of objects is carried out. It must be such that the maximum permissible values established by the manufacturer of the machine are not exceeded. During the start and during the movement itself, the driver needs to control the quality of the fasteners, the location, the degree of fixation of the subject. In addition to this, the rules for the transport of oversized cargo require that you be vigilant and ensure that neither the machine itself nor the parcel interferes with other traffic participants. 
Requirements
Oversized cargo transportation rules allow the delivery of items if:
- They do not limit the view to the driver.
- Do not reduce the stability of the machine and do not create obstacles to control it.
- Do not close the outdoor lighting equipment, other devices and reflectors, registration signs in the traffic police, identification marks, and also does not interfere with understanding and perceiving the signals that are given by the driver by hand.
- Do not raise dust, do not make noise, do not pollute the roadway and the environment.
If the transported items do not meet any of these requirements, the driver must take measures to eliminate the discrepancies.
Identification marks
Oversized cargo transportation rules prescribe the use of certain signs. In particular, for objects protruding more than a meter beyond the front and back of the machine, and more than 40 cm on the side, an identification mark is used. It means that a non-standard item is transported - bulky cargo. When delivering items in the dark and with poor visibility, in addition to this sign, the item must be marked in front with a reflector or a white light, and in the back - red. 
Additional characters
For each road train, it is necessary to install special designations "Road train", "Long Vehicle". Machines must be equipped flashing beacons. Their color may be yellow or orange.
Secure delivery
The movement of non-standard items and the movement of the machine, the dimensions of which with or without cargo is more than 2.55 m in width, 4 m in height (from the carriageway), 20 m in length (including the trailer), are carried out in accordance with special requirements. Safe delivery is ensured by the presence in the staff of the company providing such services, experienced drivers with extensive experience. In addition, it is recommended to use special equipment designed exclusively for the transport of oversized goods.
Speed mode
This is the next feature characteristic of the transportation of oversized goods. The speed of the vehicle with a non-standard item should be no more than 60 km / h on roads, and when moving along bridges - no more than 15 km / h. In order to maintain safety, the driver is not allowed to deviate from the established route. Not allowed over speed, which is indicated in the permits for the transportation of oversized goods. The driver is forbidden to deliver in bad weather conditions - with ice, poor visibility (less than 100 m) and so on. It is forbidden to stop outside designated parking lots, driving along the sidelines. In the event of a machine malfunction that poses a safety hazard, transportation must be stopped immediately. 
Technical requirements
At the vehicle on which the oversize is located and transported, the brake system of the road train must be controlled using the tractor brake pedal. The semi-trailer is equipped with a parking brake. In addition, there must be a special device that provides automatic stop in case of a break in highways, by means of which the semitrailer is connected with a towing vehicle. The road train must be equipped with at least 4 wheel chocks. The cabin is equipped with at least two rear-view mirrors (external). They are located on both sides of the driver. 
Installed Parameters
An oversized or heavy cargo on railway transport is considered an object whose mass is more than 60 tons. At the same time, its length is 14 m, its width is 3.25 m, its height is 5.3 m. The maximum mass of the cargo is limited and cannot be more 500 tons. Delivery options depend on the size of bridges, which usually have a small bearing capacity, and tunnels.
On river transport, cargo is considered heavy, the unit of which has a weight of more than a ton, bulky and lengthy - having a width of more than 2.6 m, a length of more than 3, and a height of more than 2.1 m.
For shipping by sea, slightly different parameters are set. So, heavy cargoes include the mass of which is from five to one hundred tons. Items whose weight exceeds the specified values are considered uniquely heavy.Oversized cargo during transportation by sea should be placed on the deck, and not in the hold, which is due, in fact, to non-standard shapes, size or weight.
As for moving along highways, the values are set depending on the condition of the roads and the permissible weight distributed on the axis. In European countries, the total mass of the car is in the range of 28-60 tons, the length is 11-12 meters for a single car.
