We all want to work as little as possible and relax as much as possible, while it is also desirable to earn decent money. The employer has his own views, it is better, on the contrary, to reduce the rest. All these disagreements are equalized by labor legislation, where the regimes of work and rest are clearly regulated. This is done for a reason. The fact is that the human body is a reliable mechanism, but rather fragile. In order for it to last longer, it is necessary to carefully balance the load and relaxation. No wonder yogis say that you need to work, how to breathe: tensed - relaxed. If you constantly load and stimulate the body, as a result, it will begin to fail, and this will most likely manifest itself in various chronic diseases.
Western experiments
Today, work and rest regimes are being reviewed, with some companies concluding that generally accepted standards for an eight-hour workday are not always effective. Experiments were conducted when workers were reduced the day to 6 hours or reduced the working week to 4 days. As a result, the company received not only more loyal employees, but also higher results. This happened because well-rested people with full dedication began to carry out their immediate duties. Of course, such regimes of work and rest do not fit well into our realities, but this once again emphasizes how important it is to comply with the norms established by labor legislation.
Who developed uniform standards
They are approved at the state level. Moreover, the basis was the data provided by doctors and physiologists. Such an integrated approach allowed us to conclude that it is precisely such regimes of work and rest that will be optimal. Of course, they are not the same for everyone, there are people who work on a shift schedule, as well as on a daily basis, on a rotational basis, and for each of them certain standards are prescribed. Today we will consider the mode of work and rest of drivers and office employees, it will be useful for every employer.
What should be working days
The regime of work and rest of workers necessarily includes breaks. Wherever you work, in the office or in the workshop, at the computer or at the machine, with people or with papers, you still need breaks to recover and continue to do the work. Usually an internal labor contract already regulates the schedule of technical breaks, time for breaks and meals. Of course, for each employee performing a particular labor activity, the regime will be different, this is inevitable. Therefore, today we will talk about the generally accepted framework and the mode of work of people of certain professions.
Bit of theory
The mode of work and rest of workers is a balanced system that does not depend on the desire of the boss. The code clearly spells out how long a person can work, and when you need to take a break. However, each enterprise is unique, which means it requires an individual approach. That is why they share different modes of work and rest: shift work, designed to work on a daily basis, on a weekly basis, as well as on an annual basis. Each of them is different from each other, now we will talk about this in a little more detail. It is especially important to observe the correct alternation of load and rest within each shift, taking into account the nature of the work, as well as the physiological characteristics of the person, which determine the phases of high and low working capacity. 
Tasks that the installed mode solves
Working conditions, modes of work and rest - all these are necessary measures that allow ensuring the quick inclusion of workers in the production process, as well as maximizing the period of high working capacity, while reducing the phase of fatigue. The better this balance is maintained, the higher will be the productivity of labor, and therefore its productivity. At each enterprise, safety specialists work, who must ensure that people not only fulfill their duties, but also have a rest in breaks.
Such measures at times reduce work injuries and sick leave. The rational regime of work and rest is respected due to special measures to accelerate productivity. These are introductory gymnastics and morning tea drinking, functional music and comfortable workplace equipment. This not only creates a more environmentally friendly environment, but also has a positive effect on staff loyalty, which has a very good effect on the efficiency of the entire production.
Enterprise design
We have already said that they distinguish between different modes of work and rest. This happens because far from every production process can be carried out within the framework of the standard five-day period. At the same time, the alternation of work and rest is a mandatory measure for absolutely everyone. The organization of the regime of work and rest, namely the duration of the first and second, greatly depends on the stated conditions. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the age and sex characteristics of workers. So for teens shrinking working day and vacation increases, and pregnant women are freed from work in night time.
At the same time, both the employee and the employer should know that the schedule of business processes is already defined by law, that is, neither the employer nor the employee should replace it with random breaks. But if working conditions change, new equipment is purchased, the company switches to new production technologies or labor legislation is improved, the employer must revise the schedules.
Intra-shift mode
So, let's take a closer look at what constitutes the regime of work and rest. This is an internal routine that defines the beginning and end of a working day. Each of us, coming to a new team, first of all gets acquainted with the schedule, and also for its violation, employees receive the most reprimands. Plain working hours today 8 hours with a five-day work week. That is, a standard, forty-hour week. Let's look at the cases in which the reduction of this work schedule is provided. For persons under 16, a 24-hour schedule is provided. In addition, on pre-holiday days, working hours can be reduced by one hour.
Other work schedules
Not every company can establish a five-day work week, so labor legislation provides for a different work schedule. At the same time, violation of the work and rest regime must be stopped by safety engineers, and in the case of a complaint by an employee to special bodies, by a labor inspector.
Shifts of extended duration are often used in production. This can be an 11-hour shift with a schedule of two in two or a day in three. At continuously operating enterprises summarized accounting of working hours. This is very convenient provided that the production operates in multi-shift mode, on a rotational basis or according to flexible schedules. Work beyond the established schedule is called overtime. In this case, the legislation determines the maximum number of overtime hours - 120 per year. They should be paid in one and a half amount. 
Weekend and vacation
To prevent a decrease in working capacity, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the regulated rest breaks.They are included in working hours when calculating. These are technical breaks, five minutes and smoke breaks. In addition, without fail, there are breaks for eating. It is 40-60 minutes per shift. Weekly rest should be provided regularly, this is an extremely important point, only observing which the body gets the opportunity to recover. Once a year, it is required to provide employees with leave, as well as to allocate funds for recovery.
Driver labor
Complicated and dangerous work, because a person is constantly a participant in the movement. Overfatigue makes it even more risky, so it is unacceptable to violate the work and rest of drivers. So, the driver’s work schedule involves preparatory work before entering the line, checking the vehicle. After that, the driver undergoes a medical examination and goes on a flight, which includes loading, unloading and driving the vehicle. For a driver working on a five-day schedule, the daily shift should not exceed 8 hours.
If this is not possible, then a summarized time schedule is set. In this case, the shift duration is set to not more than 10 hours. For intercity transportation, the shift duration is increased to 12 hours. If the driver’s stay in the vehicle exceeds 12 hours (a long distance to the final destination), then two drivers are sent on the flight, and it is necessary to equip the vehicle with a berth. Be sure to observe breaks. So after the first three hours of driving, you need to take a break for rest for 15 minutes. Subsequent business hours involve technical breaks every two hours, for at least 15 minutes.
Drivers' Rights
This category of workers has the right to breaks during the work shift for rest and meals. At the same time, it is legally prescribed that if the driver is provided with time for rest and meals, then short stops can be reduced to 5 minutes or even canceled. The time of guarding the cargo and the car is counted to the employee as working. At the same time, if two drivers are sent on a flight, then only one of them is eligible to protect the cargo and the car. At the same time, when the driver does not drive the vehicle, it can be counted into the working one at the rate of at least 50%. Like everyone else, this category of workers has the right to count on all the holidays stipulated by law. In addition, the driver is entitled to annual paid leave and additional leave.
International flights
The regime of work and rest of international drivers is of a special nature. Firstly, the person is constantly driving, he controls the transport. Secondly, the driver is affected by harmful factors, such as noise and vibration, air saturated with harmful substances, dust. But the most negatively affecting a person is emotional and mental stress, which every day more and more undermines health. Therefore, it is imperative to observe the optimal regime for representatives of this profession.
The daily routine is determined by law. That is, it is either an eight-hour five-day schedule, or a summarized working time schedule. However, the regime of work and rest of the international is somewhat different from the work of the driver inside the country. In particular, the legislation prescribes rest standards more strictly. The main holidays include weekends, as well as a mandatory short break during the shift and longer between shifts. In the middle of the working day, the employee is given a break for eating and resting for two hours.
One change of driver should not last more than 8 hours, after which he is given rest. During this time, a person is given 2 breaks with a total duration of 2 hours.After the flight, the employee is provided with a full rest lasting at least 42 hours. This is necessary in order for the driver to recover.
To summarize
It should be noted that today almost everywhere there is a violation of these standards. This leads to rather sad consequences. People process, do not have time to rest and recover, and as a result, in the best case, efficiency and productivity decrease, and in the worst, injuries increase. Any enterprise is interested in the loyalty of its employees, as well as in that they work for the result. Therefore, it is imperative to comply with the regime of work (work and rest) prescribed by law. Only under the condition of a good rest and breaks during the day a person is able to demonstrate high efficiency and productivity, interest and focus on results.
Violation of the regime of work and rest threatens a serious deterioration of these indicators, and in the event of an industrial injury or a complaint from an employee to the social security authorities, an inspection will be carried out at the enterprise. If such violations are established, the employer faces a serious fine. Therefore, it is much better to initially comply with the law and cherish the health of their subordinates.
