Recently, more and more often people turn to the doctor with serious health problems, but few people know that most of the chronic pathologies involve the registration of disability. Disability is a certain condition of a person who has some limitations in physical abilities, mental or psychological disabilities. But who can confirm this, what degrees of disability exist and what can a person who has received disability status count on? Let's understand our article.
Passing examination
Medical and social examination is a commission of several people that is going to determine the degree of disability, while taking into account the general condition of the person, the presence of any deviations that prevent the body from functioning normally. Each person who applies to the commission after its passage receives a document that confirms that the patient has manifestations of limitations for a normal lifestyle.
Only having this document in hand, a person gets the opportunity to assign one of the disability groups. It is given only on the basis of the examination, and all deviations that suggest restrictions on the normal functioning of the human body are mainly associated with serious diseases or injuries sustained at birth or throughout life. But what degrees of disability can a person expect? Who needs disability?
Classification and characteristics of disability groups
Thanks to the classifier of disability groups, it is possible to precisely determine the factor of disability of a disabled person. As mentioned earlier, only the commission has the right to recognize a person as legally incompetent and gives him a certain degree of disability. All violations in human health can be divided into the following groups:
- Statodynamic - violation of motor abilities, for example, limited movement of the head, body, limbs and there are problems with coordination.
- Mental disorders, which are characterized by the impossibility of remembering, perceiving the surrounding reality, lack of sound thinking.
- Speech - stuttering, difficulty in learning writing techniques, the presence of verbal or non-verbal speech.
- Problems in the hematopoietic system, metabolic processes, malfunctions in the digestive system or respiratory system.
- Physical ugliness - the strongest changes in the configuration of the body or its individual parts. This also includes such pathologies as the presence of holes in the respiratory, digestive, urinary system, as well as unacceptable body sizes, which can adversely affect health.
- Sensory - people with poor hearing, eyesight, smell and improper sensitivity to temperature and pain fall into this category.
Everyone who has one or more of these changes in the body should immediately go to a commission that will determine disability. The degree of limitation of the ability of labor for each individual patient is determined individually depending on his illnesses and disorders. You can’t row all under one comb.
Causes of disability
Very often, many patients have heard such a wording that states the fact of assigning a degree of disability according to one form of a common disease.But for most patients, such a conclusion does not raise questions, but there are a number of reasons that few people know about that fit this formulation - the establishment of disability status in the form of a general disease. These include:
- Injuries acquired at the workplace, which led to serious defects.
- Professional ailments.
- Birth defects.
- Pathologies, injuries and injuries sustained during service in the armed forces.
- Diseases caused by the Chernobyl accident.
All people who have been injured or belong to one of the categories have every right to receive the status of a disabled person of a certain group. But what degrees, disability groups exist?
First disability group
One of the most difficult degrees of disability is considered to be the first group. People with significant impaired functionality of the body can count on it - the highest degree of difficulty in movement, communication, training and inability to control their actions. A person faces serious limitations in his life, he does not have the opportunity to serve himself independently, which leads to the fact that he must be constantly looked after. The disability group (1st degree) provides for the provision of household functions that are vital. Such people are only slightly capable of self-service.
Disabled people of the first group mostly disabled, but there are those who can work - it is blind or deaf. In most cities, special societies are opened in which special conditions are created for the work of people with a first degree disability. People whose lower limbs do not work have the opportunity to perform certain types of work while sitting, and most often they work at home.
Disabled people of the second group
The second group is received by people with minor impaired functioning of the body. They themselves can serve themselves and do not require constant supervision. This category may include people with a height of less than 150 cm or those who do not have the first fingers on their hands.
The second group, the second degree of disability is laid for people who have such pathologies: skull defect, paralysis, serious consequences after injuries, congenital pathologies. The second group is assigned to disabled children during their education, after which a certificate is issued stating that the person is suitable for work.
People belonging to the second group of disabilities are able to work, but only if the working day is reduced for them, additional breaks will be provided, the rate of production will be significantly reduced.
If we comprehensively evaluate all indicators, then the main categories of life can be divided into three degrees:
- 1, 2 degree (serious disability) - this is when a person has the opportunity to self-service, while spending a lot of time, and to reduce the volume he can not do without the help of technical means.
- Grade 3 - a person practically cannot serve himself, he needs outside help.
Disabled people of the third group
People who were given the third group of disabilities have a moderate severity in the functioning of a particular organ - this may be deafness, inability to navigate or paralysis of the hands. As a disability of the third group, a degree 1 restriction provides for a violation in the functioning of the body as a result of diseases, birth defects, or injuries sustained in the course of life. The result of such ailments may be a moderate severe limitation on disability.
People with a third degree of disability can take care of themselves and they do not have such dependence on others, but the help of social workers is still necessary.
It is also worth saying that with a comprehensive assessment of certain indicators that characterize violations in the functioning of the human body, four main degrees of disability are distinguished:
- Grade 1 is a minor malfunction in the body.
- 2 degree - violations are manifested moderately.
- Grade 3 - all violations are pronounced.
- 4 degree of disability - this is a serious malfunction in the work of the whole body, which are very pronounced, and you will not be able to miss them.
For how long they are given the status of a disabled person, re-examination
After the ITU commission has recognized a person as disabled, she issues him a corresponding document with a seal. The patient receives a rehabilitation program and a certificate of assignment of one degree or another of disability. Three days after the assignment of disability, an extract from the minutes of the meeting of the commission is sent to the local Pension Fund. The first group of disability is assigned to a person for a period of 24 months, and the second and third for a year.
As for disability for a child, in this case the term for granting status can be from one year to the time when he turns 18 years old. Lifetime disability can be established in some cases, if it is not possible to reduce the degree or eliminate the limitations of human activity that were caused by serious morphological changes or disturbances in the functioning of the body systems.
That is why, in order to monitor the health of the patient and the state of disability of the disabled person, regular re-examination is carried out. Those patients who have been given an indefinite group can also be sent back to the commission of their own free will or on the recommendation of their attending physician. Each disabled person has the right to receive material assistance from the state, for each individual degree of disability disability, it is determined individually.
Material support for people with disabilities
The main opportunity to provide life for people with disabilities is a pension. To get it, you need to go through ITU and get one of the three disability groups. A disability labor pension is a monthly payment that is assigned to those who have labor restrictions in order to compensate them for lost earnings.
If the disability was obtained due to a general illness acquired during the lifetime, then in order to assign a pension, the total length of service with a certain duration is taken into account. Those who have been injured in childhood, even before the person is 20 years old, are assigned material benefits, which in no way depend on seniority. If the second group, the second degree of disability was given due to a disease received in the performance of professional duties, then in this case a pension is assigned regardless of the length of service.
For military personnel, a monthly payment is prescribed if the grounds for obtaining a disability group appeared during the service or no later than three months after its completion. Also military pension can be established if a person has been granted a disability long enough after dismissal. In this case, the main thing is that the resulting injury or illness, which became the reason for the limitation of disability, was acquired during the period of service.
Consider the example of patients with coxarthrosis of the hip joint, which disability group is laid and how to properly arrange it.
Disability with coxarthrosis
Hip coxarthrosis is a serious pathology that to some extent limits a person’s mobility, in this case the patient has every right to apply to the commission and get a disability of 3 groups, 1 degree limitation or any other, depending on the severity of the disease and its accompanying pathologies .The main criterion for registering disability is the inability of a disabled person to independently perform certain household operations and go to work. As a result, a person loses the opportunity to independently provide for himself and for this reason he is prescribed a monthly disability allowance. But what degree of disability with coxarthrosis can a person give and what will he need for this?
In order to get a disability, you first need to visit your doctor, who will present all the necessary documents and a referral to ITU. If the commission makes a positive decision, then in this case a person is assigned a particular degree of disability. But what disability group can a person give in this case?
Most often, with such a disease, the patient is given a disability of 3 groups, a restriction of 1 degree, because the patient is able to serve himself, although he spends a lot of time on it. It is possible to get the second group, but it will be much more difficult to do this. At the same time, it will be necessary to regularly confirm the presence of the disease according to the established schedule, if at least once the person is not on the commission, the disability group will be removed and it will be even more difficult to return it.
Such measures are explained by the emergence of new unique technologies that allow a person with coxarthrosis to undergo a surgical procedure and replace a diseased joint with an artificial one.
If the patient was given a degree of disability 3, degree of restriction 1, then after surgery it can be taken away, and if the surgical intervention did not help, the second group can be given.
But the presence of one degree or another of the disease does not give a person the right to automatically receive a disability, only the commission, having examined all the documents that confirm the presence of pathology and deformation in the joint, can assign the status of a disabled person or not. Thanks to the latest diagnostic techniques, today it has become much easier and faster. It will be enough to provide the commission with an x-ray, which confirms the presence of joint pathology and the results of arthroscopy. After studying the documents, which will also confirm the fact that the patient cannot independently care for himself and that he has disabilities, the commission makes a decision and assigns a disability of the second or third degree.
In those cases where the complexity of the disease is not too high and the patient does not feel any special problems, he does not have big restrictions on movement, and he can go to work or perform it at home, then he may be denied the status of a disabled person. In the same cases, if the inflammatory process in the joint is proceeding at a moderate pace and the patient has a history of the diagnosis of coxarthrosis of the third stage, then the patient has the right to receive disability group 3. Usually this applies to those people whose pathology was detected recently.
In those cases, if the disease led to the fact that the patient noticed a shortening of the lower limb, the patient may not claim the third group, but the second. But, as practice has shown, this only happens if the foot is shortened by 7 centimeters or more. But the first group can only be received by people who suffer from deforming arthrosis and cannot move without a wheelchair. Most often, with such a diagnosis, they give a degree of disability 3, a degree of restriction of 1, and then only for a period of one year, and then it is removed, since surgery is prescribed, allowing the patient to forget about the disease and begin to live a full life.
But not only adults with certain diseases can receive the status of a disabled person, there is also a category - disabled children.
Disabled children
Disability can be given even to children, and disabled child category assigned to those who have not reached the age of majority and have restrictive capabilities as a result of congenital trauma or acquired pathology. Serious injuries, which entailed difficulties with independent movement and self-care, the inability to fully learn, to control their behavior, and to concentrate are also grounds for obtaining a degree of disability.
In order to get a child’s status of a disabled person, you must also contact the ITU commission, which not only determines the degree of disability, but also gives certain recommendations on education, place of detention, the need for technical equipment to ensure optimal conditions for normal life, prescribe a rehabilitation program.
Teacher-defectologists should constantly work with children with disabilities, who teach them all the necessary skills that allow them to better adapt among their peers. They prepare the child for further education, relying on the stored functions of the body. But we can say for sure that in our modern time, disability is not a sentence. Today, everyone is calling for everyone to be loyal to people with disabilities. Many new programs are being developed that allow a person with problems to improve the quality of their life, they have the opportunity to start a new life and not pay attention to their status.
Healthy people should reckon with the fact that a person has not voluntarily become disabled and, if possible, help him with what they can. Today, the state has developed a number of social support measures that allow the disabled person not only to live a full life, but also not deny themselves anything. Today, such a person has the right:
- Receive monthly financial support from the state.
- He has a privilege for paying utility bills.
- For free accommodation and treatment in specialized sanatoriums.
- To pay for travel to the place of rehabilitation and treatment.
- To receive quotas in cash for treatment and diagnostics.
- Have half-holiday, if a group allows a person to work.
It is worth recalling that disability is not a sentence, and everyone disabled person can live a full life and not deny oneself joy. You should not lock yourself in and consider yourself flawed and inferior, it is still unknown who lost in this life and who gained, because, as practice shows, most people with disabilities achieve a lot and having such a status is not an obstacle to achieving great results .
