Requirements for a presidential candidate. Constitution of the Russian Federation

Today, you and I will be interested in the requirements for a presidential candidate. In addition, the procedure for electing the country's leader will also have to be studied. After all, this process is important for all citizens. Only he has a huge number of rules and principles that must be followed without fail. Moreover, violations can lead to invalidity of the results. Therefore, it is worth paying attention not only to the requirements for presidential candidates, but also to the rules of the process itself. Fortunately, everything is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. The election process itself is spelled out in the Federal Law "On the Election of the President of the Russian Federation." Consider the main important points that can only relate to our today's process.

Age category

To begin with, it is worth noting that, according to modern legislation, the so-called age qualification candidate. What it is? The so-called age limit for a potential leader of the country. An important point to be observed. Otherwise, no one will allow you to run for president.

What is the requirement? The thing is that some people believe that you can become president from the age of 18. Only federal law says otherwise. After all, the age limit is set at 35 years. This means that the candidate for president of the Russian Federation must be at least the specified age. That is, from 35 years and older. This is precisely the principle that holds. But that is not all.

Settled

For example, do not forget that there is a so-called residency qualification. This is something like another restriction for citizens who want to run for president. And it applies in relation to the duration of a citizen's residence. A pretty serious point that can deliver a lot of inconvenience to some candidates. Although in practice, incidents with sedentary conditions almost never arise.

Why? Because without that, all potential candidates permanently reside in the territory of the Russian Federation. And for a long time. But if you look at the restrictions, then the qualification of settledness indicates that you need to live in Russia for at least 10 years. Moreover, continuously. Moving from one locality to another is permitted. Therefore, pay attention to this feature. If you have been living in Russia for less than a decade, you will not have any rights to participate as a candidate. Only as a voter will you be able to vote for a particular candidate.

Citizenship

But that is not all. What are the requirements for a presidential candidate put forward, in addition to age qualifications and sedentary? After all, there can be so few features! The position of the head of state is extremely responsible, which means that potential leaders are selected with special attention.

Indeed, the requirements do not end there. The next point to consider if you want to run for president is your citizenship. According to modern laws, only a citizen of the Russian Federation can be a candidate for the post of head of state. Foreign citizens do not have such an opportunity. And stateless persons as well. In other words, only a Russian has the right to participate in the elections as a direct participant. In principle, the obvious fact, which, as a rule, is not worth mentioning at all, is clear.

Criminal record

Of course, the relationship of the potential leader of the country with the law is also paying attention. Moreover, this moment is able in some cases to deliver a lot of problems to candidates. Why?

This is because the head of state must be capable, and also without a criminal record. And any.It is also forbidden to run for president for those serving a sentence in prison. Or, by a court decision, they were deprived of the opportunity to occupy leadership and government posts.

Please note - a citizen must have a military ID (for men). It is clear that by the age of 35 a potential candidate will pass military service. But only if he once tried to evade his military duty, as a result of which a criminal case was instituted on him, you can not run at all. Such a person does not have the opportunity to participate in the elections as a candidate. In principle, there are no more restrictions. Only solid rules. The requirements for a presidential candidate are not so huge. They are usually easy to follow. And what can be said directly about the elections? How are they carried out? After all, this moment is extremely important. And it also includes some conditions and rules regarding the behavior of candidates before the election. What you should pay attention to?

Dates of Election

There are a lot of important moments. Let's say it's worth finding out for how long the president in Russia is elected. It is important. And all because it depends on when exactly the next election will be held.

According to modern laws, the head of state in the Russian Federation is elected for 6 years (previously for 4 years). After you have to repeat the procedure again. Only each candidate has the opportunity to be elected for a second term. Thus, the maximum length of tenure as head of state is 12 years. For 3 and subsequent periods, it is no longer possible to run for president. Only with a break of at least 1 period of "reign".

Thus, in Russia there is a so-called periodic change of head of state. This is a required process. But the most important thing is that after two continuous periods and one period without leadership of the state, you can run for president again. So everything is extremely simple here. No problems.

Nomination procedure

By the way, there are some rules for the nomination of certain candidates to participate in the elections. They are also spelled out in federal law. Usually they do not cause any problems, in practice in Russia there is mainly one of the options.

Nomination of candidates may come from any political party. Just this alignment is most often found in Russia. But pay attention - a political party should have the right to nominate candidates, as well as to participate in elections. If these rules are observed, then the association will be able to offer its member to the post of head of state. And there will be no problems with this.

But there is a self-nomination of a presidential candidate. Not the most common occurrence. In Russia, it is practically not used, although it exists “on paper”. After all, problems will arise when you have to conduct an election campaign. In the case of political parties, everything is much simpler - you get support from it. But self-nomination will require huge costs. Besides, elections in Russia the president is a predominantly political race. Accordingly, various parties participate in it.

Another feature that relates to self-nomination is that voters must support you. Even if it will be a small group. Unfortunately, this is a very rare occurrence. Therefore, in practice, self-nomination is almost impossible. Only if you try very hard. But it’s unlikely that you will be able to get the presidency - political parties have a much greater influence on citizens than ordinary voters. By the way, according to modern laws, you need about 2 million signatures of voters who are ready to support you.

Campaigns

The federal law “On the election of the President of the Russian Federation” also indicates that in preparation for the process, candidates for the post of president of the Russian Federation have the right to conduct various campaigns to motivate voters to vote for a particular participant.

The main requirement here is legality. That is, your actions should not violate the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as the laws of the country.In addition, they cannot be dangerous or infringe upon the rights of other candidates. Say, one cannot defame someone's honor and dignity under any pretext. It's illegal. Sometimes the election campaign, which violated all the foundations of the country, entails the disqualification of the participant.

It's no secret that a variety of election programs will be shown and published in the media. A candidate for the post of president of the Russian Federation has every right to choose which sources of information to use. Moreover, their number is not limited. And the Federation Council, in turn, guarantees all participants equal rights and access to the media. That is, the elections are initially all equal. And no one has any advantages. So, we can hope for the honesty of the process.

Voters

Separate attention is required by voters. They play an important role for the election. And to them, oddly enough, certain requirements are also put forward for participation. Fortunately, there are significantly fewer of them than candidates for the post of head of state. What restrictions apply, according to the law "On the election of the President of the Russian Federation"?

For starters, this is that only an adult citizen of Russia has the right to participate in the process. Such a person can come and cast his vote in favor of a candidate on the appointed day. True, an important point is that the voter must also be recognized as competent. That is adequate. Incapable citizens cannot participate in elections even as voters.

Pay attention to one more small feature. A Russian citizen who has come to the polls has only one vote. And you can give it only in favor of one candidate for the post of head of state. This approach guarantees an equal and legitimate fight in the election process. Therefore, voters should think carefully before casting their votes to a particular participant.

In addition, participation in the process is an individual decision. Every adult capable citizen has the right to vote during the presidential elections in the Russian Federation. But only this process is not compulsory. If desired, the voter is able to simply not appear for voting. Yes, this is not too patriotic, but no one forces you to participate. And no punishment for absenteeism is not relied upon.

Election Day

So, the nomination of candidates, the requirements for them, as well as the limitations and possibilities of voters are already understood. Some idea of ​​how elections are held, respectively, also takes place. But the law "On Elections" does not end there. It provides many more features of the process.

For example, in the appointment of election day. The decision is made by the Federation Council of the country. With all this, it must be submitted no earlier than 100 days before the election, but no later than 90. After that, the data are published without fail. For this, according to modern legislation, the Federation Council will have no more than 5 days from the date of the decision. So consider this factor.

How is election day chosen? This is the second Sunday of the month in which this process was previously conducted. It is these rules that are spelled out in the Federal Law "On the Election of the President of the Russian Federation."

check in

Another important point is the registration of candidates to participate in our today's process. The thing is that for this, too, there are their own rules and algorithms. Failure to comply with them leads to the fact that the process itself will "break", and the results are invalid. In addition, sometimes non-compliance with the rules for registering candidates for the post of head of state of the Russian Federation leads to disqualification. Such cases, fortunately, almost never occur.

The Central Election Commission (hereinafter CEC) is engaged in the registration of participants. Those, in turn, after nominating themselves, must provide a certain list of documents for participation. What can be attributed to them?

The first item is subscription lists. Each candidate in his support is required to collect at least 2 million signatures of voters. At the same time, authentication is carried out by the CEC in respect of 20% of the sheets.

Next, a payment document is required that confirms that you paid for the production of signature sheets. That is, this is a kind of proof of the authenticity thereof.

Following is a protocol on the collection of voter signatures. You can’t do without it. You will not be able to run for president if this conclusion is missing. It is mandatory provided along with subscription lists. No exceptions or deferrals!

Another point is that you will be required to submit to the Election Commission a list of those who collected the signatures. Most likely, the authentication of the data you provide will be carried out. Therefore, be aware that cheating will result in disqualification.

The presidential election procedure also provides for the provision of personal data and documents confirming compliance with all constitutional requirements for participants in the process. Do not forget that when you change the information, you need to immediately bring in the CEC certificates that could confirm this.

The last thing you need is a personal financial report. You can’t do without it either. It's all. Now you can submit the above list of documents to the Election Commission, and then just wait. The commission will have 10 days from the date of receipt of papers to either register your candidacy or refuse this process. But then there should be a rationale for the action. Nobody has the right to hide them. As soon as all the candidates are registered, the places for voting (in each constituency are distributed among the districts) are determined, one can wait for the election day.

Early resignation

Only life is something unpredictable. And therefore, it is impossible to say for sure that the president will be on his post as scheduled. What if there was an early resignation of the head of state? Is the country without a leader the remaining term?

But no. If, for one reason or another, the President of the Russian Federation resigns early, the Federation Council must appoint election day no later than 14 days after the resignation of the country's leader. Otherwise, this right passes to the CEC. The election date will be the last Sunday of the month in which the three-month resignation of the previous president expires. Such rules apply in the territory of the Russian Federation. And no exceptions.

For what reasons can I leave the post of head of state? Firstly, it can be a voluntary decision. An extremely rare phenomenon, which generally occurs in a small number of countries. Managers, as a rule, do not refuse their posts just like that. Especially if they aspired to this post.

Secondly, impeachment takes place. For one reason or another, the state itself is able to remove the head from official duties. The reasons can be varied - from violations of the elections (sometimes it is "revealed" after the incident) to illegal actions by a citizen.

Thirdly, the state of health. If, for some reason, due to problems with the body, the president can no longer fulfill his official duties, he must resign as head. This also includes forced removal due to the onset of disability, mental illness (schizophrenia, for example).

In the end, the death of a citizen holding the presidency leads to the termination of his duties. As a result, early elections and the appointment of a new leader are required. There is nothing difficult to understand about this. Everything is extremely simple.

As you can see, the requirements for a presidential candidate under the Constitution are not so difficult to remember. In addition, the electoral process itself is also simple for voters. Most difficulties go to the higher authorities, which are engaged in direct preparation for the process.Remember that voting is your choice. No one has the right to force you to vote in favor of a particular candidate (just motivating will help the election campaign). You also have the right not to run for election. No punishment is provided for this.