Russian education system - This is a combination of training programs and state standards that are in constant interaction with each other. The educational levels that implement them consist of institutions that are independent of each other. The institution at each level has its own forms of organization and bodies of legal subordination that control it.
Education in Russia
At all times, special attention has been paid to education in our country. However, with the change of centuries and political regimes, it has also undergone significant changes. So, in Soviet times, the education system worked under a single standard. Requirements for educational institutions, plans for which training was conducted, and methods used by teachers were uniform and strictly regulated at the state level.
However, the reassessment of values, to date, has led to the fact that in the education system there is democratization, humanization and individualization. All these terms, not applicable in the past, have become common for modern participants in the educational process. There is a variability of educational programs, which allows each institution, regardless of its level, to develop its own training plan, provided that it is approved by the supervisory authority.
However, despite all the innovations, the modern Russian education system remains federal and centralized. Levels of education and its types are fixed by law and are not subject to change.
Types and levels of Russian education
Today, in the Russian Federation there are such types of education as general education and vocational education. The first type includes pre-school and school education, the second - all the rest.
As for the level of education, this is an indicator of the development of educational programs at various levels, both by an individual and by the population. Educational programs, in turn, are stages of education. This indicator characterizes the real and potential capabilities of society, the state as a whole, and the individual, in particular.
Education Levels:
- general education;
- professional;
- higher.
General education
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every citizen has the right to receive each level of general education on a free basis in all state institutions. Levels of general education are:
- preschool;
- school.
Schooling, in turn, is divided into:
- initial;
- basic;
- the average.
Each of the steps prepares for the development of the educational program of the next level.
The very first step in our country is preschool education. It prepares future students for the development of the school curriculum, and also provides initial knowledge about hygiene, ethics and a healthy lifestyle. At the same time, according to studies, children who did not attend the preschool institution at the next stage, the school, experience difficulties both in social adaptation and in the development of educational material.
All subsequent levels of education, as well as the pre-school level, pursue a single goal - to prepare for the development of the next stage of education.
At the same time, the primary task of basic education is to master the basics of different sciences and the state language, as well as the formation of propensities for certain types of activities. At this stage of education, it is necessary to learn to independently learn about the world around us.
Professional education
The levels of vocational education are as follows:
- initial
- the average;
- higher.
The first stage is mastered in institutions where you can get various working professions. These include vocational institutions. Today they are called vocational lyceums. You can get there, both after the 9th grade, and after graduating from the 11th.
The next step is technical schools and colleges. In institutions of the first type, you can master the basic level of the future profession, while the second type involves a more in-depth study. You can also enter there, both after the 9th grade, and after the 11th. However, there are institutions that stipulate admission only after one specific step. If you already have primary vocational education, you will be offered accelerated training.
And finally, higher education prepares highly qualified specialists in various fields. This level of education has its own sublevels.
Higher education. Levels
So, higher education levels are:
- undergraduate studies;
- specialty
- magistracy.
It is noteworthy that each of these levels has its own training period. It should be borne in mind that undergraduate education is an initial level, which is mandatory for the rest.
Specialists with the highest qualifications in various professions are trained in such educational institutions as universities, institutes, and academies.
This level of education is also characterized by the fact that it has different forms of training. You can study:
- in person, attending all classes and passing sessions;
- in absentia, independently studying the course material and passing the session;
- full-time, when training can be carried out on weekends or in the evening (suitable for employed students, as it allows you to study on the job);
- external, here you can finish your studies when you consider it necessary (it implies the issuance of a state diploma, but it will indicate that you graduated from an external school).
Conclusion
Types of education and its levels look like this. It is their combination that makes up the education system of the Russian Federation. All of them are regulated at the legislative level by regulatory documents of various nature and content.
Keep in mind that the goal educational system lies not only in the fact that it allows you to master various professions. In the process of training, a personality is formed, which is improved with each educational level overcome.
