Each person has some characteristic that distinguishes him from other people. If it is fixed on paper, it will acquire legal significance and will be called the "identity document".
In all the variety of personal documents, there are those that directly indicate that the citizen is who he claims to be, as well as those papers that are additional.
First of all, it must be said that documents are not only in the form in which Russian citizens are used to seeing them.
Help and Permissions
An identity document can be a variety of references:
- The exemption certificate for former convicts is considered as an identity document if the person does not have a passport. In this case, the citizen needs to receive it as soon as possible.
- Residence permit for stateless persons.
- Permanent residence permit for stateless persons.
- Certificate of registration of an application for recognition of a person as a refugee.
- Certificate of temporary asylum.
- Temporary ID issued by ATS.
Key Documents
These documents can be used for identification, as they contain all the necessary data for this. In particular, certificates and permits contain the name of the citizen, place of residence - temporary or permanent, a photograph, as well as additional data that may be determining (marital status, blood type, TIN number, etc.).
Here you can also cite documents that are issued by another state and can be used as documents proving the identity of a citizen, if they are defined in the international treaty of the Russian Federation.
There are certifying documents that are used on an ongoing basis, are not temporary and determine the status of a person as a full-fledged citizen of his country. These documents include the following:
- Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
- Passport of a foreign citizen of the Russian Federation.
- Passport of a citizen of a foreign state.
- For citizens under 14 years of age - birth certificate.
- Military ID - for sergeants, foremen, soldiers, sailors.
- Seaman's passport - for persons working on long-distance vessels.
Diplomatic and service passport
If we examine in more detail the question of which documents certify the identity of an official abroad, then we can say that a diplomatic passport (as well as an official one) allows you to freely enter many countries in connection with your official duties. These documents are the property of the state and are subject to return. The only difference between these passports is the subject who holds the certificate. Diplomatic passport may have: the President of the Russian Federation, members of the Government, the Council of the Federation, the chairman of the Central Bank, persons with diplomatic immunity, judges of the Constitutional, Arbitration Court, family members of these persons.
An official passport can be held by: all other citizens not listed above, who, nevertheless, are related to public service, as well as members of their families.
According to various regulatory legal acts, documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation are different for certain cases. For a foreigner, a document adopted in his native state as the main one can also be adopted in Russia. In this case, a person does not need to change it or receive any other document.
Feature of the main documents
In addition, among the main documents there are those that even in the singular have legal force, and there are those that should be provided in conjunction with others. A citizen's passport is the most important document after reaching 14 years. Up to this age, a person has a birth certificate.
Additional documents
The data of an identity document (as an additional confirmation of the status of a citizen), make it possible to make sure that a person is the citizen for whom he claims to be. This can be the data of a pension insurance certificate, an individual taxpayer number and others, by which it can be determined that a person exists in reality and payments are made to him to a pension fund and other budgetary institutions.
Additional documents are:
- Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN).
- Pension insurance certificate.
- Driver's license. Regarding the license, despite the fact that it contains characteristic data that contains the main identification document, it should be said that a driver’s license is not such a document that can be used as an identity card.
- A work book with a note on the change of surname, name or patronymic with a mandatory indication of the document on the basis of which changes are made to the document (as a rule, irrelevant data are crossed out by an employee of the personnel department).
- Sanitary book and many others.
Additional documents are auxiliary in identifying the person, since a citizen, being a member of the company, is engaged in any activity that involves documentary evidence.
List of certifying documents
The provision of documents, both basic and additional, is necessary in various areas of human life. The list of identification documents for applying for a job, obtaining a loan and for other similar actions is as follows:
- Passport.
- Retirement Certificate insurance (if a person has not yet received it, when employing, the employer must apply for a citizen on his own).
- INN
- The work book (for the employer) or a copy certified by the seal (for the bank or other lender).
- Salary certificate for the last 2 years (for the future employer for the possibility of accrual of sick leave) or for the last 6 months (for the bank or other lender). By the way, a certificate on the amount of salary can not be considered either as the main or as an additional document proving identity. It is intended to confirm solvency.
As can be noted, the list of documents is different for different areas of public life. In order to buy a train ticket, a passport of a person who is a citizen of the Russian Federation will be enough. When applying for a job or obtaining a loan, a wider list of documents is required.
Carrying documents
A citizen is not obliged to carry identification documents with him. According to the Decree “On the approval of the provision on the passport”, a person must be careful about the document, and his absence at any point in his life, for example, if he was stopped by a law enforcement officer, is not an offense.
However, an identity document, in this case a passport, must be held by a citizen regardless of the provisions of regulatory legal acts. In any case, there is the opportunity and the right to submit any document listed above. It can even be a driver’s license, although they are not certifying.
Loss or damage
In the event that a citizen has lost a passport or is stolen, you must contact the law enforcement authorities or the passport office to restore the document.The authorized body is obliged to issue a certificate stating that the document was stolen, or an identity card of a temporary nature. If necessary, a person can present this paper for the period while searching for his document, or at the time of making a new passport.
Passport issuance
Starting from June 1, 2013, passport forms must contain an electronic information carrier, according to the Presidential Decree of December 29, 2012. In addition, to date, information is being collected in full swing about citizens who change their passports or receive for the first time by passing a fingerprint procedure. This procedure simplifies the further search for people or their identification if a person has lost, for example, memory.
A responsibility
The administrative code contains a provision on liability for damage or loss of a passport, intentionally or through negligence. The penalty for such a violation is from 2 to 5 thousand rubles in the event that the citizen’s guilt in the loss of a passport is proved.
Since the type of identification document, that is, a passport, is quite accurately defined in the Government Decree indicated earlier, as well as the existing rules for its application and storage, violation of articles of this act entails administrative liability under article 19.16 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. The penalty for the absence of a document is from 100 to 300 rubles and must be paid within 60 days from the date of the decision on the introduction of this amount into the state budget. The decision is made by the head of the passport department, and in some cases a judge, if the case involves an administrative violation.