The nutrition of the child always excites parents. The growth and development of children depends on the diet. It is necessary to properly feed the kids, as the first few years of life are the most important. A balanced diet has a beneficial effect on the immune system, metabolic processes, and the digestive system.
Nutrition for children from birth to one year: breast milk
Nutritional standards for newborns mean their consumption of breast milk or infant formula. WHO recommends breastfeeding for as long as possible. It is better to find nothing in mother's milk during the first six months of her baby’s life. In order for a child to grow up healthy and not lag behind his peers in physical and intellectual development, he must receive enough nutrients, vitamins and minerals. All this is provided by mother's milk, which is easily absorbed and does not irritate the immature digestive tract of the baby. At the stage of breastfeeding, the baby with milk indirectly consumes all those foods that his mother eats. So, she needs to carefully monitor her diet.
Nursing women are strictly prohibited:
- canned food;
- spicy dishes;
- alcoholic drinks;
- seafood;
- cow's milk;
- smoked products;
- semi-finished products;
- honey;
- nuts
- chocolate;
- Exotic vegetables and fruits.
All of the above products can cause a strong allergic reaction in infants, as well as cause digestive problems.
If for some reason the mother cannot breastfeed, the milk mixture will come to the rescue.
How to choose a baby formula for babies
There are three types of infant formula, which differ from each other in composition and its proximity to breast milk:
- fully adapted;
- less adapted;
- partially adapted.
For newborns and children up to 3 months, it is better to choose a fully adapted mixture, similar in composition to breast milk. Such mixtures form a normal intestinal microflora in a child, help the baby to go through the stage of adaptation to the outside world as painlessly as possible. But the other two types of mixtures include additives that can cause severe constipation in some children.
When choosing a mixture, it is also important to pay attention to its compliance with the age of the child:
- “1” - for children from 0 to 6 months;
- “2” - for children from 6 to 10 months;
- “3” - for children older than 10 months.
First lure
If the baby was breastfed, then the first lure should begin no earlier than six months. Until this time, the best food for the baby is mother's milk.
If the baby was on artificial feeding, then complementary foods can be introduced as early as 4 months.
The first in the child’s diet are vegetables that do not cause allergies. As a rule, these are broccoli, cauliflower, zucchini. The input of these products should be exclusively in the form of a puree slurry. You can purchase a finished product sold in the children's departments of stores, or you can make mashed vegetables yourself using a blender. It is allowed to add a few drops of vegetable oil. It promotes better digestion.
After the successful introduction of vegetables, you can begin to train the child in meat. It is better to start with a rabbit, as its meat is a hypoallergenic product.
Important! The first lure of the baby, like all food prepared for him up to a year, can not be seasoned with salt. Also, every mother should know that dishes for children up to a year are prepared only in purified water, but not from the tap! A new type of product can be introduced no more than 1 time per week.
Nutrition for children up to a year
Nutrition standards for children up to a year include the presence of chewing food in the diet.When a child has teeth, he is already able to chew food on his own, then you need to get rid of puree food in the diet. Closer to a year, the baby can already be given meat, cereals, dairy products, raw fruits and vegetables.
During the preparation of meat, it must be cut into small pieces so that the child learns to chew food. It is advisable to wipe the porridge through an iron sieve, but do not mashed in a blender. But fruits and vegetables can begin to be given to the child whole, so that he himself learns to bite off food and chew it. However, parents should remember that young children should not be left unattended with food. They may bite off too large a chunk and choke.
It is recommended to include in the dietary standards for children under one year of SanpiN (these are sanitary rules and norms):
- Kefir, milk: their share in the daily diet of the child should be approximately ⅓. It is very important to give the baby fresh kefir, as it is rich in enzymes that have a beneficial effect on the child’s nervous system, and it also contains protein, which the baby’s body easily digests.
- Cottage cheese: the daily norm should not exceed 90 g.
- Chicken egg: children under one year old are given only hard-boiled yolk.
- Meat: the daily norm should not exceed 40 g. Children under one year old can be given lean pork, rabbit, turkey and beef. It is worth considering that meat does not need to be given to children daily. Two to three days a week must be made completely vegetable.
- Vegetables: children under one year old can eat all vegetables except exotic ones. Carrots, peas, cabbage, beets, and potatoes are especially useful at this age.
- Fruits: their daily allowance should not exceed 150 g. Experts recommend giving children only those fruits that grow in the region of residence.
- Cereals: children under one year old are given oatmeal and buckwheat porridge in water or milk 3-4 times a week.
- Butter. Daily it is added to porridge or mashed potatoes. The daily rate of vegetable oil is 6 g, butter - 15 g.
- Bread: the daily norm for babies up to a year is not more than 60 g of white bread. You can give black (40 g), however, it should be remembered that it can cause fermentation in the stomach.
Nutrition for children from one to three years
Nutrition rates for children from 1 year to 1.5 years imply the preservation of the milk mixture in the diet. If you are not allergic to cow's milk protein, then you can drink it. If allergic, cow milk can replace goat milk.
A diverse diet is included in the diet of children from 2 to 3 years. The child should try new products, at this time eating preferences are formed. If the baby categorically refuses to eat buckwheat porridge, do not force him. You need to come to terms with his opinion and replace buckwheat with oatmeal or rice.
Cottage cheese is still preserved in the diet of children older than one year. However, the daily norm increases to 110-120 g. After 2.5 years, children can already enter granular cottage cheese, as well as curd cheese.
After a year, the child can begin to be given mild and low-fat cheese. As a rule, from a year to two years they give grated cheese, for example, with pasta. After two years, the baby can be given cheese in a separate piece or in a sandwich on bread with butter.
After 1.5 years, children begin to give eggs with protein. But until 2 years old, the daily norm should not exceed half an egg.
Meat for children over the age of 2.5 can be given in an amount of 60 g per day.
After a year, the child does not need to wipe the food. Complete cereals cooked in water or milk are already being given.
Also, kids from a year can try pasta. As a rule, they are prepared to replace cereals and mashed potatoes.
Prohibited foods for children under three years of age
There are products that are not included in any nutritional standards for children of various ages. Every parent should know that his child should not eat. These products include:
- mushrooms;
- carbonated drinks;
- smoked products;
- fast food;
- mayonnaise, ketchup (purchased);
- semi-finished products, including sausages, sausages;
- lamb meat;
- meat of waterfowl;
- canned foods;
- sweets in large quantities;
- products packaged under vacuum.
Allergen Products
It is important for parents whose children are prone to allergic reactions to know the list of products that can cause allergies in their child:
- seafood (shrimp, mussels, oysters, squid);
- red varieties of fish;
- nuts
- citruses;
- red apples
- exotic fruits and vegetables;
- berries (strawberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, black currants);
- honey.
The above products are strong allergens. If the baby is covered with a rash after taking one of the products, you should refuse to enter it in the diet until the child is 3 years old.
When children can start giving sweets
Children under 3 years old are strictly forbidden to give honey and chocolate. From the age of 1.5, you can give your child a little treat with marmalade, marshmallows, marshmallows and fruit caramel. It is important to observe nutritional standards and not give babies sweets until the main meal. Children under 3 years old per day can have no more than 40 g of sweets.
