The idea of creating your own business has recently gained a lot of followers. However, this does not surprise anyone: the relatively low costs and high precocity of poultry allow you to quickly recoup all costs and make considerable profits.
Unfortunately, poultry farming as a small business in our country is viewed from the perspective of raising chickens, completely not paying attention to the breeding of turkeys.
But turkey meat is much better in nutritional and taste properties, it is much more expensive, and even if imported abroad on Christmas Eve, it can even make a businessman rich.
However, these products are becoming more and more popular every year in our country.
Of course, we do not urge to refuse to breed chickens. All the information that is given in our article, with one way or another success, can be used for this. It is only necessary to note that a domestic chicken farm should use a cellular content scheme, as with free-range walking, there is a high risk of chicken salmonella infection.
General information
As in other cases of the livestock business, organizational considerations need to be carefully considered. A lot of money goes to buy or rent the complex itself for breeding birds, to purchase feed, purchase and commissioning of all equipment, as well as to purchase pedigree young animals.
If everything is organized correctly, then production can pay for itself in a couple of years. The profitability of such a business is very high, reaching 98%. The size of the investment largely depends on your climate zone.
A turkey can add up to 145 grams per day, a turkey about 90 grams. The advantage of turkeys over chickens is also that they are practically not subject to typical diseases, the ratio of slaughter weight to the yield of pure meat is 81% or more, and the cost of a kilogram of finished products is very small.
In chickens, this figure is much more modest, but broilers can demonstrate even 85% of the meat yield.
Breed selection
Unfortunately, turkey breeding at home often involves choosing a breed according to the "residual principle." However, even more often for breeding use crossbirds, which generally do not differ in high productive qualities. So, even adult males rarely weigh more than five kilograms, which is very small for turkeys.
Experts believe that poultry farming as a small business shows the most optimal results when the breed uses the breed Bronze Shirokogrudy turkey. Males of these birds reach a weight of 15 kg. Despite the fact that the breed was originally bred in America, it took root perfectly in our country. The advantage and disadvantage of these turkeys is the fact that they are intended only for cellular maintenance.
Among other things, females of this breed give 120 (and sometimes 150) eggs a year, which is almost a record indicator for turkeys. About 80% of them are fertilized. At the age of only 20 weeks, the first slaughter can be carried out. By this time, females reach a weight of 7 kg, and males sometimes grow up to 13 kg.
If you plan to breed chickens, then we advise you to take broilers, as they can reach a weight of 3-4 kg at the age of 45 days. So which bird is more profitable to breed for business? Of course, turkeys.The cost of turkey is higher, but the meat yield from these birds is still higher.
The cost of buying poultry and eggs
A normal egg suitable for incubation costs about 100 rubles apiece. The period of "hatching" is at least 28 days. If we talk about incubators, then a model for 1000 eggs costs about $ 1,000.
If you buy daily chicks, then they cost at least 150 rubles. Keep in mind that young animals are becoming more expensive every day, so poultry farming as a small business should use the purchase of either eggs or daily young animals.
Keep in mind that the need for constant transportation of batches of eggs or chicks forces you to buy special vehicles, the cost of which is from 500 thousand rubles, but these costs quickly pay off.
A bit about the content
Before planning a breeding of turkeys at home, you need to determine the type of their content. There are cellular, floor, walking varieties of their breeding and fattening. At home, all of them most often alternate.
So, young animals are kept on a floor method in a house, then transferred to a paddock, after which the bird is put in a cage and fatten before slaughter.
In any case, it will take a lot of land. So, for 2000 turkeys it is necessary to rent at least 8 hectares. It is not possible to say anything specific about the rental price, since the price varies greatly depending on the region and climatic zone. The site must be fenced, and the height of the obstacle should be at least three meters, as young turkeys fly well.
Cell content
With this method, the construction of houses with forced ventilation, automated cleaning of manure and artificial lighting will be required. Note that this type of fattening can only be used for fattening broilers, chicken and medium-sized turkey breeds. Since the weight of heavy species can exceed 25 kg (in males), in the cells they simply die from the effects of inactivity.
The advantage of cell content is that it dramatically increases the efficiency of fattening. So, the average daily increase immediately increases by 15%, feed costs are reduced by 8%.
Feeding
For feeding, feed mixtures are used, which include cereals and legumes, herbs and vegetables, as well as waste from dairy production. Despite the grazing season, when birds spend most of their time in the pasture, they must be fed with concentrates, as otherwise their diet is not enough caloric to feed a good slaughter mass.
What equipment will be needed to organize a poultry farm
Actually, poultry farming as a small business is good in that it does not require special costs for its organization. But nevertheless, this is more true for corral feeding. In this case, you only need to purchase material to protect the territory. The cost of this will be no more than 150-200 thousand rubles.
With block cell systems, the situation is much more complicated. Think for yourself: one cage (made of galvanized metal) for keeping 9-10 birds costs at least eight thousand rubles. In addition, automatic drinkers, hopper feeders, forced ventilation systems and manure removal will be needed.
Do not forget that the phase of intensive fattening is characterized by the fact that the light in the house should be on all day without turning off at night. Accordingly, a lot of money will go to an automatic lighting system and payment of electricity. It should be recalled that turkeys are quite thermophilic birds, and therefore, with year-round maintenance, they will also have to set up heating.
The temperature in a room with turkeys should not fall below 10-15 degrees Celsius. In the cold season, water for drinking should also be heated.Important! For a short time, a slight drop in temperature is allowed, but drafts for turkeys are often fatal! This is especially true for young birds and females.
Thus, the average poultry farm will require about 3-4 million rubles for the primary organization with a livestock of 700-1000 turkeys.
