Until the 60s Soviet youth received vocational education in the schools of the Federal Law School. In order to accelerate the preparation of workers' professions of a broad profile of a lower level for the country's economy in the Union republics, a network of FZO schools was created (decoding in the USSR - factory-factory training schools). The history of these institutions began in the 40s of the last century. But at present, decoding the Federal Law on Federal Law can cause some difficulties for modern schoolchildren and applicants.
Organization of colleges and schools
The decoding of the Federal Law was first given in the regulatory document. In October 1940, the Supreme Council adopted the Decree "On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR", in accordance with which the country launched a systematic and universal training of highly skilled workers with the subsequent distribution of enterprises. For the organization of training, such educational institutions as schools of factory training, railway and craft schools were created. The latter belonged to the type of vocational schools. The decoding of the federal law indicated the level of education, received at the school.
By May 1941, educational institutions had graduated about 250 thousand workers for railway transport, industry, and construction. And in the harsh years of the bloody battles of the USSR against the fascist invaders, their importance for the training of skilled workers in various areas has increased significantly. First of all, this was due to an increase in the pace of industrial production and the departure of a large number of workers to enterprises from the front, who urgently needed to be replaced by no less qualified personnel.
Characteristics of educational institutions
So what is a school of FZO? Deciphering the abbreviation means the lowest type of vocational education institutions that were created in 1940 in the state reserve system. They were organized on the basis of enterprises of various industries or facilities under construction, so most of the time was devoted to production training.
Schools trained specialists for various sectors of the economy for two years, while the training process in factory schools was given only six months. Out of their walls came workers who worked in the oil, mining, coal, metallurgical industries, as well as the construction industry.
The full name of the institution is considered acceptable for use, as well as the decoding of the Federal Law.
Features of training in the schools of the Federal Law
Students were transferred to full state support. Recruitment to educational institutions took place in the form of mobilization appeals. Mostly rural youth (adolescents, boys and girls), regardless of the level of general education, was accepted for training.
Comprehensive education of students was not carried out. The term of study was six months.
After completing the educational course, the student was issued a certificate of graduation from the Federal Law School. The decoding of the name of the educational institution was indicated on the title page of the document, the certificate contained the student’s personal information, level of education and qualifications.
The transformation of schools in the federal vocational school in vocational schools
The transformations were carried out in August 1945, when the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution “On measures to improve the educational work in artisan, railway colleges and schools of the Federal Law School”.For a ten-month training period, mining schools were transferred in 1946, and vocational schools that trained workers for the mining and coal industries in 1949.
In 1953, by analogy with FZO schools, construction, mining, and agricultural mechanization schools were opened with a training period of two years, in 1957 they trained personnel for construction.
At the end of the 50s. colleges and schools were reorganized into vocational schools, the term of study in which ranged from one to three years. The main department of labor reserves was reorganized, all educational institutions were transferred under the control of the Union republics.
Over the period of its existence, the federal labor standards have trained nearly 6 million workers. It can be said that the educational institutions of the state reserve system have stood the test of difficult war years, have shown their effectiveness, and graduates of schools and colleges accounted for a significant part of the workers' enterprises, factories, factories producing aircraft, tanks, guns and other weapons invaluable for victory. With the end of the war, the need for skilled workers did not decrease at all, therefore educational institutions underwent reorganization.
