Back in the late 90s, a living wage was set, which was equated to the price of a consumer basket with the addition of the amounts of mandatory fees and payments. It is necessary to justify the minimum allowable wage.
The purpose of the cost of living
At the government level they determine the cost consumer basket and required mandatory fees and various payments. They form a living wage. This indicator is necessary in order to:
- assess the standard of living of people, this is necessary to implement and determine the need for social programs;
- justify the established minimum wage, level scholarship social payments, benefits;
- form federal and regional budgets;
- to implement other goals established at the federal level.
The consumer basket includes basic foods, non-grocery goods and services. It includes potatoes, bread products (pasta, bread, cereals, legumes), gourds and vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, dairy products, eggs, vegetable oil, margarine, tea, spices. Their number is determined in physical terms.
Set values
The cost of living is determined for each socio-demographic group separately. It is recounted quarterly.
For example, on average in the Federation at the beginning of 2013, this figure was 7095 rubles. per capita. But quarterly it increased. In the II quarter of the current 2015, it amounted to 10 017 rubles. Moreover, for the able-bodied population, its size was set at 10792, children - 9806, pensioners - 8210 rubles.
But in the III quarter of the project, its value will decrease. According to government estimates, it should amount to 9673 rubles. At the same time, 10,436 rubles are needed for a working-age population to live. The minimum amount, as usual, is set for pensioners - 7951, for children - 9396 rubles.
But, in addition to the established federal amounts, there are regional ones. Each subject that is part of the Federation independently calculates the minimum necessary amount for living in the region, focusing on local prices. Because of this, the cost of living in the regions varies markedly.
Metropolitan features
In Moscow, this indicator is calculated on a quarterly basis according to the data provided by the statistics service. Its value is established by special regulation. You can use the established amount in the calculations from the date of publication of the specified document in the official publications of the Moscow government. In the fall of 2015, it is necessary to focus on the amount established by resolution No. 608-PP of September 22 of the current year.
On an average per capita basis, the cost of living in Moscow is 15,141 rubles. Moreover, to meet the basic needs of the working-age population, 17,296 rubles are needed. monthly. An amount of 13,080 is enough for children, and 10,670 rubles for pensioners. As you can see, the capital sums are slightly higher than the established average federal values.
Other cities of federal significance
Many are interested in learning about the cost of living in other regions of the Federation. For example, according to official statistics, the cost of living in the northern capital is noticeably lower. If the cost of living in Moscow exceeded 15 thousand in the II quarter, then in St. Petersburg it amounted to 9987 rubles. At the same time, it was estimated that 7967 rubles were enough for pensioners. The able-bodied population of the northern capital should live on 10,962 rubles.
In Sevastopol, which has recently also become a city of federal significance, an average of 8,683 rubles is needed for life. The basic needs of the working-age population can be met if you receive 9329 rubles.
Cost of living in various regions
Even considering the cost of living in cities of federal significance, you can understand how much the prices differ. But residents of the northern regions know that the cost of living in Moscow is not prohibitively high.
Everything is much more expensive in the Kamchatka Territory. Calculation at local prices showed that the cost of living in this region is 18 187 rubles. - This is an average indicator for the entire population. Moreover, for adults it is set at 18 905, and for children - 19 510. For pensioners, it is traditionally the lowest - 14 490 rubles.
A little cheaper accommodation in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories. The cost of living in these regions is 13,463 and 12,654 rubles, respectively. The Transbaikal and Krasnoyarsk Territories are not much behind them. Decree of the Government of the regions established the subsistence level - 10 379 and 10 845 rubles. accordingly per capita.
But the cheapest life in the Stavropol Territory, this is evidenced by the subsistence minimum defined in the region. Q3 did not bring significant changes. If at the end of the first half of the year the minimum was 8513, then with the beginning of the second it decreased to 8075 rubles. Moreover, for the able-bodied population, the amount changed from 9041 to 8588 rubles.
Altai Krai also left nearby. The minimum amount for living in it is 8761. For the able-bodied population, its level is slightly higher - 9383 rubles.
Established Lows in Autonomous Regions and Regions
The most expensive life is traditionally in the northern and Far Eastern parts of the country. For example, the subsistence minimum in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is 18,545. Moreover, for the able-bodied population this amount is 19,301, and for pensioners - 15,053 rubles.
In Chukotka Autonomous Okrug per capita, the estimated minimum is 16 681 rubles. For the able-bodied population, it is set at 17 164, children - 17 128, pensioners - 12 979 rubles. The cost of living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is not much different. The subsistence minimum is 16,004 per capita, for adults, children and pensioners, the amounts are set at 16,615, 15,554 and 12,570 rubles. respectively.
In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra - this indicator is set at 14,407 rubles. At the same time, for the able-bodied population, the estimated amount is 15,049, the cost of living for a child is 13567, and for a pensioner - 11,413 rubles.
But in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the minimum amounted to 12,830 rubles. If at the same time the amount of 10 115 is sufficient for pensioners, then adults and children should be allocated 13 398 and 13 402 rubles, respectively.
Cost of living by region
But you can understand how expensive living in a particular region is if you know what cost of living is set in each of them. The cheapest in terms of calculations was the Penza region. In the 3rd quarter, this indicator was set at 7941 rubles. per capita. Moreover, for able-bodied citizens it amounted to 8563, for pensioners - 6529, and for the smallest residents - 8129 rubles.
Lipetsk region is also considered inexpensive. According to calculations, the required minimum in this region is 8080, while for adults - 8705 rubles.
Accommodation in the Magadan Region will be noticeably more expensive - 17,576 on average per capita. In Murmansk this indicator is slightly lower - 13 582, in Sakhalin - 13 794 rubles.
Cost of living for children
The estimated required cash minimum for 1 child is usually lower than the corresponding indicator for the working-age population. But the exceptions are the northern and Far Eastern regions. This is due to the fact that these groups of people have different needs for the ratio of products. For example, the need for fresh fruit in the consumer basket is 2 times higher for children than for adults, and almost 3 compared to pensioners.They are also supposed to consume more milk and its processed products. Namely, these product groups in remote regions are the most expensive. But the need for bread products and meat is much lower.
For example, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug the cost of living for a child is laid at the level of 20,010, while for an able-bodied adult, 19,301 rubles are needed. In the Magadan region, this figure is 18,471 per child and 18,447 rubles. per adult. In the Astrakhan region, the children's minimum required is 9342, the adult - 9144 rubles. But there are not many such regions. In most of them, the standard ratio is maintained, in which the size of the subsistence minimum per able-bodied people is slightly higher.
Basic needs
In calculating the cost of living, the government focuses on the consumer basket. Depending on its value, the amount required to purchase non-food items and pay for services is also established.
The cost of the consumer basket for each of the groups is calculated separately. After all, various annual norms of consumption of certain products are established for them. For example, the able-bodied population needs 126.5 kg of bread products. This includes cereals, bread, flour, pasta, legumes. 98.2 kg are enough for pensioners, and 77.6 kg of these products per year for children. But at a time when 60 is enough for an adult and 45 kg of fresh fruit for a senior citizen, a child needs 118 kg of it.
In adults, the need for meat products is 58.6 kg, for pensioners - 54 kg, for children - 44 kg. But the need for fish products practically does not differ - 18.5 kg, 16 kg and 18.6 kg for each of the above groups of people, respectively.
