In the first place in terms of demand for products has always stood and will be the food market. This is not surprising, because it is here that goods that are included in the category of vital for each person are sold and bought.
Following him is the textile industry. Surprisingly, but in this segment, high demand for products is adjacent to insufficient supply from domestic producers. The share of goods produced by factories and factories in our country is only one fifth of the total market.
The rest is occupied by imported goods imported both on a legal basis and counterfeit. Of course, this state of affairs in the most negative way affects both Russian producers themselves and the country's economy as a whole. There is another problem - the production of textiles at domestic enterprises is often frozen for long periods due to the high cost of raw materials, interruptions in supply and the need to modernize equipment.
State participation in the development of the industry
The situation should change radically, and the government is already starting to take steps to improve it. In particular, a strategy was adopted aimed at the development of light industry in our country until 2020.
In turn, the state has taken seriously the problem of domestic production: support is provided to enterprises both in the field of financing and subsidizing the purchase of raw materials, and in the matter of technical modernization of production. This allows us to think that changes are inevitable, and small improvements can already be observed today, in 2014.
Textile industry in Russia: current state
To date, the situation is such that the share of imported products in the textile market in Russia still prevails. However, compared with the past decade, significant changes are noticeable in the direction of its decrease. Over the past 10-12 years, Russian light industry has grown at a record pace, and at the moment, domestic textile production is estimated at about 70-85 billion rubles.
The industry employs about 700 large and up to 5 thousand medium and small enterprises, the total production volume of which is about 200 billion rubles. At the same time, this segment is still underestimated by Russian investors, which means it's time to enter the market.
The average textile company is now 20-30% cheaper than food with the same level of profitability. Those entrepreneurs and investors who today will pay attention to this line of business, in a few years will be able to reap a good "harvest" with the right approach to business. We will talk further about how to properly organize the production of textiles in our country.
The main issues on the organization of textile production
Of course, it is too early to say that today it is the most profitable business in Russia. However, there is no doubt that the return on such production can be quite high, and in the long run. This area is suitable for strategic investors and entrepreneurs looking to the future.
Therefore, today it is important to approach the issue of organizing textile production from a completely new position, focusing on innovation and relevance.What points need to be considered when creating your own enterprise from scratch? The key factors are:
- Organization of the design department. In the modern world, the work of these specialists is indispensable. One of the main conditions of high demand for the products of your enterprise will be the relevance and originality of the fabric design. Moreover, the development of new collections of textiles should be carried out regularly, and not one-time. Therefore, the factory / factory must necessarily have its own department with a group of designers working together and under the guidance of its owner.
- Organization of production directly. This issue requires no less attention. Where and by whom fabrics will be made depends on the availability of sufficient investment. So, some entrepreneurs create their own production hall from scratch, while others place orders for finished designs between homeworkers. In addition, many fabric manufacturers in Russia place their production in Chinese factories (due to the availability of cheap labor and good technical equipment).
- To organize your own textile production, you need to get the appropriate certificate for your products, think over and plan the fabrication technology, purchase modern equipment and hire personnel (from cutters and seamstresses to an accountant).
- For the sale of products, it will be necessary to think through its transportation. If the enterprise is large, then you need your own fleet. Small factories / workshops for the manufacture of textiles use the services of third-party companies.
- Like any business, the textile business requires advertising. There should be several effective channels: your website on the Internet, ad units in specialized magazines, your own booklets with fabric samples. A good (and even mandatory) addition will be participation in exhibitions organized for representatives of this market segment. This will allow you to make useful contacts in your field, expand dealer and retail chains for more efficient sales of products.
All these points are important and, moreover, mandatory steps in building a truly successful textile production in modern Russia. None of them can be neglected if you really want to organize a highly profitable business that can not only survive, but also function effectively for a long time.
Technology of textile production and types of fabrics
Above, we examined the main issues that are important for every entrepreneur who decides to engage in textile business in Russia. Now let us dwell in more detail on the actual manufacture of fabrics. This process includes the selection of the range, the production technology itself and the necessary equipment for its implementation.
Types of tissues and their features
All existing textiles are divided into large and smaller species. In general, fabrics can be divided into natural and chemical. The former may be of vegetable origin — cotton, linen, jute, etc., and the animal — silk, wool, etc. The latter are divided into synthetic, artificial, and mineral.
Natural fabrics of plant origin
Cotton fabrics are made from a mixture of cotton and other fibers. This category is very common and has the highest demand in the segment of natural materials. They vary depending on density and type. This is a well-known denim, calico, calico, cloth, cloth, cambric and others. Flax fiber is less elastic than cotton. Fabrics from it have a rough surface and a more rigid structure, and their production is more expensive.
Animal Textiles
The basis for making silk is silkworm.This type of textile is distinguished by its elasticity and strength, and therefore it is very in demand in production. It is used to obtain materials such as velvet, satin, etc. Russian manufacturers for the manufacture of woolen fabrics take, as a rule, sheep wool. It retains heat well, does not absorb odors and moisture, wrinkles poorly.
Chemical fabrics
Artificial fibers are also widely used in modern textile industry. Viscose and acetate fabrics are light and smooth, have an attractive appearance and good hygienic properties. Polyamide materials are durable, wear-resistant, but absorb fat and repel moisture, and therefore are unhygienic. Polyester is in great demand, as it is used for the production of clothing.
Textile Technology
The key moment that determines the entire production of textiles and the organization of its individual processes is the very stage of fabric manufacture. It consists of several basic steps, which we will now consider:
- Training. Obtaining yarn from fibers by processing them - loosening, scuffing, combing.
- Spinning stern fiber. From disparate cotton fibers, a textile thread is obtained.
- Direct fabric production on looms.
- The final finishing procedure. As a result of this stage, the fabric acquires such properties as strength, softness, smoothness, waterproof and others.
This is a general description, and each of the above steps has its own nuances.
Necessary equipment
At the same time, a large number of various equipment is involved in the fabrication process at all steps. From the obligatory organization of a full-fledged production process, we can distinguish:
- roving machine;
- loom;
- weft-winding machine;
- winding machines and automatic machines;
- warping machine;
- sizing machines;
- gluing machines;
- parting machines;
- knitting machines.
As you can see, the list of equipment is impressive. Therefore, a fully functioning textile production requires a large area of premises, several warehouses (for raw materials and finished products), as well as a sufficient number of employees for its maintenance and the organization of effective management.
Conclusion
Today, the textile market is developing at a fairly good pace - at least 25% per year. This niche still needs competent entrepreneurs and large investments to organize modern equipment and the same approach to the implementation of production.
The manufacture of textiles is a very profitable business in Russia and will continue to be so for the next 7-10 years, and possibly longer. If you have not decided on the segment of capital application and business organization, now is the time to enter the textile market.
